Questions On Personal Development Planning - 1953 Words

Reflective Journal By 1305393 Module code: CPU4000 Course: Scholarship Tutor: Gail Walters Date: November 2014 Summary This report will demonstrate how to plan, manage your time and also how to exercise presentations in writing and verbally. Also show how to prepare for an examination. CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Time Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Note taking report writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Harvard Referencing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Team†¦show more content†¦It has guided me in so many ways in managing my time, to be more confident for example, doing a presentation in front of an audience was something I never saw myself doing and also have gained a few friends in working together in sharing ideas and learning from one another. Especially the first week we had an ice breaker, introducing someone next to you in class whom you never met before that only gave me an insight based on people. Also I have never used library sources before. But have learnt so much how to look for books, how to use Harvard referencing. 1. INTRODUCTION This has been documented on a week by week based on a number of topics learnt from subject CPU4000-Scholarship 2014. It covers from how to manage your time avoiding self-inflicted time wasting, how to write a report for example essay writing. Also in research tips how to DO research back ground information as well as using Harvard referencing including in writing a report and team working in a group what role can a member play in it. 2. Time Management Time management has taught me a tremendous stuff based on managing time not only in studying but also learning to be more effective at home not doing things unnecessarily. Time table is an ideal whether it is for home or for the university. It puts things into perspective and makes life easier. 2.1 Time Table. This has helped me in so many ways especially at home. As a father this has made me to slot times to play the

The Persian Gulf War Operation Desert Storm - 1009 Words

The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm In August 1990 the leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein commanded his military to invade Kuwait. Refugees fled Kuwait, as many citizens were robbed, assaulted, and looted. Kuwait is a small country located at the North-Western end of the Persian Gulf, this gulf separates South Western Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Saddam Hussein was well known to be a ruthless dictator. Leaving this to be the first time a UN member nation had invaded one of its fellow UN member nations. According to legends, that Hussein himself accepted, during the war Iraq- Iran war he had used poison gas against both Iranian troops and Iraqi civilians because they opposed to his regime (Carlisle 3). With this certain example we can furthermore comprehend Hussein’s brutality and desire for power. Iraq and Kuwait are both member nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and by no doubt were rich from the oil revenue. Iraq mainly utilized this wealth into constructing a strong army, whereas Kuwait used the money to provide a better quality of life for its citizens. Hussein had major war-debts that incurred from Iran-Iraq war that he could not pay off. Kuwait seemed to be a good choice for Hussein as the country was a part of Iraq during the Ottoman Empire and only gained sovereignty in 1961. Furthermore a significant amount Iraq’s war debts are from Kuwait. Seizing Kuwait for Hussein proved immunity, as now there would not be much stopping himShow MoreRelatedThe Persian Gulf War : Operation Desert Storm1013 Words   |  5 PagesKeerthana Senthil St. Clair Afri-Asian 9 19 February 2015 The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm In August 1990 the leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein commanded his military to invade Kuwait. Leaving this to be the first time a United Member Nation had attacked just one of its fellow United Member Nation. Kuwait is a small country located at the North-Western end of the Persian Gulf, this gulf separates South Western Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Saddam Hussein was known to be a ruthlessRead MoreInterview With a Veteran of Desert Storm Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesStates has participated in many significant events, such as the infamous Civil War, World War I and II, and the Cold War. In the same manner, the United States has been in many conflicts with the Middle East. For instance, the Gulf War where, we, the United States, liberated the Saudi Arabian country Kuwait from the dictator Saddam Hussein; however, he is in command of one of the most powerful armies in the globe (Operation). Even though this conflict only lasted for months, America had overcome a milestoneRead MoreT he Persian Gulf War And The Arab War1365 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Gulf War A brief history of the middle east and the nation of Iraq prior to the Persian Gulf War will help explain why the Persian Gulf War was viewed as necessary by the allied countries. The formation of a coalition of countries, the use of innovative military equipment, and strategic military operations helped the allied forces secure victory in the Persian Gulf War. The effects of this victory and subsequent conflict have changed our world as we know it. The Persian Gulf is one ofRead MoreEssay about The Success of Operation Desert Storm and Shield825 Words   |  4 Pageson August 2nd 1990, Operation Desert shield was implemented by the United States on August 7th. Trying to deter Iraq from advancing farther into the country the U.S. began staging troops, equipment and other supplies needed to sustain a military in war time. Moving resources by air and sea the American armed forces presence was made known in the region with resources being staged in the allied countries of Saudi Arabia These later we mobilized initiating operation Desert Storm on January 17th 1991Read More Causes and Effects of the Persian Gulf War Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of the Persian Gulf War The Persian Gulf War, often referred to as Operation Desert Storm, was perhaps one of the most successful war campaigns in the history of warfare. Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq, invaded Kuwait in 1990. In 1991, after weeks of air strikes, US ground forces entered Iraq and Kuwait and eliminated Iraqi presence in 60 hours. Why Would Iraq invade Kuwait? Kuwait supplies much of the world’s oil supplies, and when Hussein invaded Kuwait, he controlledRead MoreSadam Huiseins Invasion of Kuwait Led to Operation Desert Storm in the Gulf War791 Words   |  4 PagesOperation Desert Storm The Gulf War, also known as Operation Desert Storm, the Persian Gulf War, The First Gulf War or The Kuwait War. Was a war that started 2 August 1990 when Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. The war lasted to 28. February 1991, when President Bush declared a ceasefire. The war ended unofficially the 26th, when the Iraqi troops started to withdraw from Kuwait, after finishing their mission. The Coalition air forces continued to follow and bomb the Iraqi troops, evenRead MoreA Brief Look at the Persian Gulf War1479 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Gulf War, also called Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region1. The Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein claimed as a reason for the invasion a territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway whichRead MoreThe Persian Gulf War Essay907 Words   |  4 Pages The Persian Gulf War The war in the Persian Gulf was a war of religious favor, cruel leadership, and greed. Desert Storm or more commonly known ass The Golf War was the same type of war that had accrued in this area for many years except for one fact. In Operation Desert Storm, it was a mix of sophisticated technology and the combined leadership and cooperation from the coalition that was used to end the war in a quick and timely manner. Which in the end probably saved thousands of lives. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead MoreSuccessful Military Operations: Operation Desert Storm1234 Words   |  5 PagesDesert Storm, one of the most successful military ops in military history. They went in and went down to business then gone out just like every other mission should be done. Despite its brutality this Op could be decided as a U.S. victory. Desert Storm all started with the Gulf war. The gulf war was started by two Eastern countries who always seem to fight over all of the little things in life that may or may not be true. It all started on the 17th of July in the year of 1990 when Iraqi leaderRead MoreThe Gulf War Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesThe Gulf War The Gulf War was much more than a fight to liberate Kuwait. It was the first non-conventional war; in which new, fairly new, or even experimental weapons were used. The Gulf War displayed much new technology that you will learn lots about in this paper. This paper may sound very technical, but that is what it is about, the new weapon technology vs. the conventional types of weapons used in previous wars. This paper is about the advancement of weapon technology, and how the

Case of Building Industry Free Essays

Countries often have different models of government business relations. The nature of the political system in a country has particular influence over the governments’ relations with the business. Despite the common ground of being advanced liberal democracies, the United States and Spain have markedly different models of government business relations. We will write a custom essay sample on Case of Building Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The aim of the essay is to compare the government business relations in the United States and Spain with special reference to building industry. Different Trajectories The very business culture and the government’s relations with the business in Spain are markedly different from those of United States. For instance, it has been pointed out that â€Å"starting up a business in Spain remains more complicated than elsewhere, procedures more cumbersome, the steps more numerous, the documentation likewise. The twenty-eight weeks required to start a business in Spain contrast with the half-day required in the USA† (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p. 181). It is because of the prevailing nature of corruption that is resulted by the collusion between politicians and bureaucrats such obstruction of free enterprise exist in Spain. In the same way, closing down of a business in Spain too has been noted as extremely difficult. Eastaway and San Martin are of the opinion that â€Å"the housing market in Spain has become highly regulated through public intervention with the objective of satisfying the large and growing housing needs† (1999, p. 699). The Spanish government has pursued a range of policies in order to mitigate the situation ranging from subsidies to market intervention. As a result, the construction industry in Spain is distorted and less competitive. Even the successes of the United States small scale and medium size industries are attributed to government’s desire to support small business owners and entrepreneurship; finance, tax inducements, mentoring, training, and legislation allowing limited liability for failure, all act in the interests of the entrepreneur. The entrepreneurial fabric and the social/cultural/economic framework support and encourage those wishing to embark on or expand an entrepreneurial venture† (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p. 188). The American government has been persistent in providing the necessary infrastructure and business environment over the post second world war period. Through a business friendly approach, the American government ensures that there are more rewards and fewer risks for doing business in the United States. Moreover, the USA has long tradition of free enterprises contrary to the Spanish trajectory of protectionism. Historically speaking, the construction industry in Spain is deepened upon both the supply of domestic demand and the acquisition of foreign earnings. Franco’s dictatorial regime had installed a protective regime of business which perpetuated monopoly and discouraged free-market competition. The oil crisis in the mid 1970s had paralyzed the industry in a grave manner. The recovery came only with the join9ng of the European Community (EC) in 1986. The internal political situation had long been detrimental to the free economic development of Spain. Ahijado et al. have argued that â€Å"the aftermath of the civil war of the 1930s was international isolation and acute economic difficulties resulting from the destruction wrought during the war. Indeed, it took until 1950 for industrial production to return to its 1929 level, and the country remained over-whelmingly dependent on agriculture for employment† (1993, p. 91). Then, onwards, Spanish economy took a radical turn towards accelerated economic development fuelled by tourism and the steady flow of migrant labor. Both the enhanced tourism related development and migrant labor have helped a boom in the construction industry. However, the technological base of Spanish industry still remains low. In the recent period, Spanish construction industry has undergone â€Å"a dramatic decrease in the average size of Spanish construction firms, in particular, and an increase in their use of subcontracting† (Gonzalez, 1998, p. 432). It has caused a structural fragmentation of the construction industry as a whole. The changing nature of emerging construction technologies have primarily contributed to the instabilities in the construction industry all over the world. The fragmentation of the construction industry in Spain is accompanied two different features of increasing number of firms and the decreasing average size of the firms. Gonzalez has forcefully argued that â€Å"the cause of observed fragmentation is changes in institutional restrictions, mainly labor and tax regulation† (1998, 440). The Spanish government has a lopsided and imbalanced policy towards competition in the construction industry as it promotes small business units against big firms. As a result, to be competitive, big firms have compelled to reconstitute themselves as smaller units and thereby prevent them from mobilizing great resources for the benefits of consumers. This tendency in Spain is clearly not in par with the United States government policy of promoting mergers and joint ventures by construction companies. Moreover, in Spain, there is even lost cost for creating new firms which too acts against the size of existing firms. American construction policy is mainly aimed at ensuring the security of buildings. There are large amount of regulations and standards set out by the various regulatory bodies appointed by the state governments and the federal government. It also aims to deal with possible production of low quality building materials. In brief, the building policy in the United States is highly bureaucratic and procedural as it attempts to save the industry from possible political corruption and the consequent violation of rules and regulations. It has been well observed that the politicians-businessmen nexus in Spain has caused unnatural price rises in the housing industry. The effect such a phenomenal corruption cannot be contained within the borders of Spain as it is well integrated with the European Union Economy. In the United States, the use of precast concrete system is not widespread although it has proved to be more beneficial. Because, there is a major shortage of expert personnel that can design and manage building construction that makes use of precast concrete components. The main reason behind this general lack of expertise appears to be the deficient engineering and architecture curricula currently in effect in U. S. universities and colleges† (Polat, 2008). Many researchers have well acknowledged the fact that â€Å"the USA owes much of the success of its entrepreneurial activity to its economic and cultural environment, including affirmative action, employment law, tax incentives, government support, mentoring, and a â€Å"can-do† attitude. Life-style changes in the USA accommodate entrepreneurs† (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p. 187). Also, Choi and Russel (2004) argued that the construction firms in the United States have focused in enhanced diversification through mergers and acquisitions and thereby strengthens the growth in the industry and the profits and confidence of stake holders. In Spain, the pattern of the developments in the construction industry is highly unbalanced and lopsided. It is well noted that â€Å"growth in the late-1980s was in the relatively more prosperous Madrid and Catalonia regions, as well as in the autonomous region of Valencia, all of which benefited disproportionately from the inward investment boom. In contrast, some of the ‘rustbelt’ areas in the North have been adversely affected by the decline of traditional industries† (Ahijado et al. , 1993, p. 98). In America, ethnic differences are noted on the matters related to construction industry. Doodrum and Dai have found out that â€Å"differences exist among the number and frequency of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities between Hispanic and non-Hispanic construction workers, although the difference did not always disfavour Hispanics† (2005, p. 1027). Whatever reasons may be, the tendency in the USA is for Hispanic workers to be employed in more hazardous areas of construction. For instance, â€Å"Two of the top five Hispanic construction occupations, construction labourer and electrician, are in the top five most hazardous construction occupations† (Doodrum and Dai, 2005, p. 1028). Rollin and Richardson in their empirical research on Spanish business culture have argued that â€Å"[c]urrent Spanish legislation does not favour entrepreneurs or small-business owners. Changes in EU legislation, such as the Parental Leave Directive, requiring changes in national legislation, can hit this group hard† (2001, p. 185). It creates a condition that even businesspersons who otherwise would have been law-abiding step asides the paradigms of law as there are many contradictions within the law. The multiplicity of legal frameworks in Spain by its integration with the European Union too have made a lot of confusion in the construction industry and added to the existing chaos. However, safety issues and environmental priorities that are directly linked to the construction industry have not got sufficient attention not from American or Spanish governments. In both countries, t is necessary for the construction policy to be framed on the â€Å"rationale as to why certain matters are considered to be safety issues has its roots in environmental concern† (Kibert, et al. , 1995, p. 99). It means there needs to be a holistic to environment protection and safety management in the construction industry. The lack of labor flexibility has been â€Å"a major factor in the continuance of the very sizeable black economy (economia sumergida), estimated at representing some 23% of GDP† (Rigby and Lawlor, 2001, p. 169). Curiously, the black economy is the backbone of the building industry and the silent compliance of government policies based on corruption is leading into the deteriorating the healthy environment in the construction industry. Historically, it could be seen that the â€Å"rigidities established in the labour market under Franco were consonant with the broader ethos of the dictatorship which was strongly protectionist, corporatist and characterised by strong state intervention in most areas of activity† (Rigby and Lawlor, 2001, p. 169). The recent Spanish government policy of artificially creating green jobs in construction industry too has failed and only contributed to the ongoing recession. In the United States, although the general rate of occupational accidents and casualties in the construction industry very low, the roadway construction has reported to be more dangerous for workers. Through their research, Kale et al have proved that â€Å"construction companies that outperform their rivals adopt a hybrid mode of competition. In other words, successful construction companies place varying degrees of emphasis on more than one mode of competition (e. g. , cost, quality, innovation, and time) rather than focus on a single mode of competition† (2002, p. 246). It is apparent that Spanish construction companies have not diversified and the government is less encouraging to allow fierce competition in the realms of cost, quality, innovation and time. On the opposite the American government has introduced new schemes and policies for ensuring multiple competitions at the many realms of construction industry. Conclusion To conclude, it is possible to argue that the different traditions of government business relations in the United States and Spain are result of the wider historical processes. The United States as a liberal democracy has encouraged free market and competition in favor of strengthening the construction as whole based on well established norms and procedures. But, Spain, following the trajectory of Franco’s dictatorial regime introduced the policy of protectionism and government interventions in the construction industry and thereby rendering it incompetent and distorted. However, governments in both the United States and the Spain have to redefine their relations to the construction industry in order to properly address the issues of safety and environmental protection in the context of increasing global risks. Being competitive in the varied aspects of industry such as quality, quantity, labor and time with the active encouragement of the government but based on fair rules and its strict implementation by an impartial administration are the strengths of American construction industry. Spain too has all the potentials to diversify its construction industry and thereby strengthen the whole economy itself. Reference Ahijado, M. et al. (1993), The Competitiveness of Spanish Industry. National Institute Economic Review, Vol. 146. pp. 90- 117. Choi, J. and Russell, J. S. (2004) Economic Gains Around Mergers and Acquisitions in the Construction Industry of the United States of America, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 513-525. Eastaway, M. P. and San Martin, I. (1999) General Trends in Financing Social Housing in Spain, Urban Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 699-714. Goodrum, P. M. and Dai, J. (2005) Differences in Occupational Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Construction Workers, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 131, No. 9, pp. 1021-1028. Gonzalez, M. (1998) Regulation as a Cause of Firm Fragmentation: The Case of the Spanish Construction Industry. International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 18, pp. 433–450. Kale, S. et al. (2002) Competitive Positioning in United States Construction Industry, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 128, No. 3, pp. 238-247. Kibert, C. J. et al. , (1995) Integrating Safety and Environmental Regulation of Construction Industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 121, No. 1, pp. 95-99. Polat, G. (2008) Factors Affecting the Use of Precast Concrete Systems in the United States, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 134, No. 3, pp. 238-247. Rigby, M. and Lawlor, T. (2001). The Spanish Labour Market: The Quest for Flexibility. International Journal of Iberian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 pp. 168–178. Rollin, H. and Richardson, R. (2001). The Impact of the Prevailing Business Culture on Entrepreneurial Activity and Small Businesses: A Contrastive Study of Spain and the USA. International Journal of Iberian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 pp. 179–189 How to cite Case of Building Industry, Essays

Leadership and Ethical Hehaviours Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Ethical Hehaviours. Answer: Ethical behaviours possessed by a leader to act as a positive role model The ethical behaviors that the leader should demonstrate included the fairness and transparency of work for promoting a good working culture and working condition to make the employees perform to their potential. The leader must establish a sense of honesty and focus on the development of teams by taking effective decisions at the right time. The leader must also encourage various initiatives and guide the employees in the right direction by making them understand about the vision and organizational strategies that are needed to be followed for deriving good outcomes in business[1]. The ethical behaviours promoted by the leader must be consistent with the moral standards and he must be able to take responsibility for the actions performed by the employees. It is important for the leader to treat everyone with respect and maintain the organizational values and beliefs to establish a good culture and implement decisions that are fair and are based on facts rather than opinions. The lea der must consider the opinions and responses of the employees prior to taking any decision[2]. Personal development plan and its major elements The personal development plan is the actual process of developing an action plan based on the values, beliefs, awareness, reflection for setting the goals and objectives and improves the career aspects too. The personal development plan also includes improvement of career by enabling self improvement and enhancement of personal skills, knowledge and expertise. The most important elements of a personal development plan or PDP are establishing a clear vision, a clear idea of the standard that is needed to be achieved and identifying the area of priority as well[3]. Examples of own personal goals and ensure progress There are various examples of the personal goals such as improving own personal life and even progressing in own career by improving own skills, knowledge and expertise level. As a health goal, I need to exercise everyday and avoid junk foods to take care of myself and sustain optimum health and wellness. The creative or intellectual goals include fulfilling my hobbies and learn other languages to improve my writing skills and speaking abilities too[4]. Application of technology for managing the work priorities As part of the technological aspects, it is important for me to manage priorities at work by looking at the bigger picture, develop priorities, manage allocation of tasks and plan the list of everyday and weekly activities. The technologies have also helped in enabling proper communication between individuals and interact with each other with the help of emails, chats and video conferencing[5]. Maintenance of work/life balance to manage work priorities Maintaining a good work life balance means enabling prioritization between work including both career and ambition along with lifestyle. It means maintaining a good balance between the daily work activities, taking care of health and leading a good life. By maintaining good health, it would be easy to manage the priorities of tasks and focus on the achievement of goals and objectives with ease and effectiveness[6]. Competency standards and its five examples relevant to the job role The competency standards mean fulfilling the various tasks to achieve the highest level of competency based on the job roles and responsibilities. The competency standards are the combination of various benchmarks that are used to make an assessment of the skills, knowledge and expertise within the workplace and form a level of competency to perform to the potential[7]. Training package is one of the competency standard that helps in improving the skills, knowledge and expertise and make the employees work harder to achieve positive business outcomes properly. Utilisation of competency standards for describing the process and prioritise areas of development The competency standards have helped in prioritizing the areas of development and explore the major roles, responsibilities and objective that are needed to be achieved. The competency standards are also useful for improving the processes and focus on the areas that need developments. The developments in various areas are prioritized and a level of performance is established for that position as well. Three types on-the-job training at the workplace There are three major kinds of on-the-job training such as rotation of jobs, coaching and job related instructions provided. The job rotation helps in moving the trainee from one job to another job and obtain the relevant amount of knowledge, information, skills and expertise from different kinds of assignments. The coaching method helps in training the employees and providing the trainees with feedbacks for gaining enough opportunities to express ideas and opinions. The job related instructions are provided to make them know about the issues and correct the trainees whenever possible. Off-the-job methods could help in developing the training purpose for the employees and make them adopt with the new surroundings to perform with much ease and effectiveness. Competitive edge The competitive edge means enabling a company to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. The business organizations must innovate its products and services consistently for gaining competitive advantage in business. By performing the organizational tasks properly, it would be convenient for the organization to generate more revenue by attracting more customers and gain competitive advantage in business[8]. Various principles and techniques of performance measurement Various principles and procedures are associated with the measurement of performance of the organisation and its employees. The measurement of performance system should be aligned with the organisations vision and ensure that the organisation moves in the right direction to accomplish the strategic objectives in business. Another principle is to make sure that the performance measurement measures are balanced with the management of both financial and non-financial data. The financial measures are identified easily and data is collected for reflecting on the major business aspects[9]. The principle of combining both the processed and outcome data is also useful for contributing the targeted outcomes and predict the results at earlier stages. Another principle showed that the measures should be based on the operational definitions, which could not only help in interpreting the major terms but also might help in measuring the actual performances that could facilitate the process of deci sion making too. Two common personality type testing process for identifying individuals behaviour type and personality traits Two of the most important personality type testing processes are Activity Vendor Analysis or AVA and Myers Briggs Type Indicator, also known as MBTI. The AVA testing process could help in designing the psychometric questionnaire and measure the four personality factors that could develop and improve the behaviours among individuals. The MBTI allows for designing a psychometric questionnaire for measuring the psychological processes by which people perceive the world and make effective decisions. Another effective testing procedure for identifying the personality traits is the Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire. Learning style The different types of learning are visual learning, which has helped me to identify pictures, images and gain a spatial understanding while the aural style of learning has helped me to learn how to use sound and understand music. The verbal or linguistic learning style has made me enhance my skills to improve in the areas of both speaking and writing. The physical or kinesthetic style has allowed me to move my hands, legs and gain sense by touching, smelling or feeling anything nearby[10]. Three principles of time management The three major principles of time management are Maslows hierarchy of needs, having a clear vision, defining the limits and doing one task at a time. The hierarchy of needs would make an individual manage time properly and at the same time, fulfill the needs and requirements at various levels such as psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization needs too. Gaining a clear vision could help in achieving the desired set of objectives that were expected to be achieved. Performing one task at a time would help in finishing the tasks earlier and accomplish the aims one by one[11]. Defining the limits could encourage innovation and creativity, furthermore concentrate on the tasks rather than thinking about the unlimited time provided. Functions of Organizational policies and procedures Every business owners have the rights to implement policies and procedures to create good working conditions and create acceptable workplace activities along with reviewing the employees during orientation. The organizational policies could provide framework and enhance the structure of the organisation and even contribute to the formation of a good culture. The organizational policies and procedures would also develop a sense of integrity, trust and ethical behaviours among the individuals and make them communicate with each other properly. The guidelines present in the policies and the employees must not violate procedures, otherwise it might result in issues and various other complexities[12]. The implementation of good organizational policies could reinforce the practices that could benefit the workplace as well as its customers by promoting freedom of choices and making of decisions in business. Difference between formal and informal self-development opportunities The formal and informal self development opportunities are based on the formal and informal training that are provided to the individuals working within the company. The formal training includes exploring the clear learning objectives and then utilize various methods to reach the goals. Lastly, the evaluation methods were used after the formal training for creating self development opportunities is completed[13]. The informal self-development opportunities are based on the informal training, which is mainly based on the incidents and so there is no need of specific training goals. The most suitable informal training could be the ways of learning by gaining experiences from doing job. Few major examples of informal self development opportunities are employees discussing about certain topic and searching data and information from secondary sources like newspapers, journals, articles and book discussion groups. Three benefits of participating in business networks The outcome of generating the most referrals is the first and foremost advantages of participating n the business networks. There are better scopes and opportunities to expand business and generate more revenue in business, furthermore allow the organisation to gain competitive advantage in business[14]. Getting involved in business networks could also facilitate the process of decision making, create open doors for communication and even obtain the advice and responses of the subordinates before making any effective decisions. Preparing a plan to benefit the employees and organisation As a manager of the administrative team, it is my responsibility to make sure that the employees are skilled, knowledgeable and hold good levels of expertise for performing t their potential. From the case study, it is seen that the employees presently have been unable to meet deadlines, not performing well and even taking more sick leaves than before. They told that they had been feeling stressed with their roles and responsibilities, which further deteriorated their performances. As a manager, I would provide them training and developmental sessions for improving their abilities and knowledge and make them perform to their potential. I would guide them in the right direction by making them understand the vision of the organisation so that they could move in the right direction. Communication should be established and in case they performed well, they should be motivated as well for driving their working behaviours and ensure that they perform efficiently. This would make the compan y gain good levels of profit and competitive advantage in business too[15]. Project on Personal work plan: Personal work plan The personal work plan was created to focus on the short, medium and long term goals by understanding the vision and description of position of himself within the seafood restaurant. The restaurant has innovated the products and services and managed the team properly to serve the customers properly and generate good amounts of revenue in business. Identification of personal goals and career objectives The personal goals can be short, medium and long term. As a manager of the organisation, the short-term goal is to identify the food that will be served while the medium term goal is to enable innovation in the cuisine[16]. The long-term goal is to provide training and development sessions for enhancing the skills and expertise level of the general management of the restaurant. Responsibilities and accountabilities Working as a manager needs proper management plan for ensuring the services delivered to the customers are successful. Training should be provided to the staffs for making them skilled to create innovation and bring out positive business outcomes. Goals and objectives Goals and objectives are to promote innovation in cuisine, arrange training sessions to the employees and understand the needs and preferences of the customers regarding quality. Legislative requirements Health and safety at work Act, Fair Work Act, etc. are implemented to ensure that good culture and working conditions are maintained for employees to perform to their potential. Key performance indicators The major key performance indicators are sales per head, rate of response based on the advertising and promotions, level of customer satisfaction and total cost of labour. Activities to advance goals Effective management of human resources for making the staffs informed and aware of serving the customers properly and this can be done with the help of training and developmental sessions. A proper budget is to be maintained for making an assessment of the costs that will be incurred while making the business function. Involvement of social media can enhance brand awareness among the customers and this is a major aspect of innovation too[17]. Project activity List of qualifications and competency gaps The competency gap is the difference between the level of competency of the workforce and the predicted competency level that is needed to achieve a specific outcome. The competency gap is much more effective than the level of skills that is required for accomplishing a certain task. Qualifications include the educational skills that are possessed by an individual to become successful in career[18]. Master of business administration Human resource management Interpersonal and communication skills Leadership skills Feedbacks from the team members The feedbacks from team members, customers and colleagues are essential for enhancing own skills and ensure professional development. Obtaining the responses and feedbacks from the employees could also help in making improvements in the areas of professional development and furthermore ensure delivery of services effectively. While doing simulated assessment, the students could act as responsible team members and serve the customers properly[19]. Analysis of feedbacks and making adjustments The various opinions and feedbacks are analysed to make necessary adjustments and even make improvements in the list of qualifications and competency gaps for improving the professional development of the employees working within the Australian organisations. Professional development plan Developing opportunities The development opportunities include providing training sessions to the workers for enhancing their skills, knowledge and expertise level. The manager must identify the areas where they lack certain strengths and then provide them training for enhancing their capabilities, competency level and make them perform to the potential. Skills required to gain competitive edge Various skills are required to make the business organizations achieve strengths and capabilities and obtain competitive advantage in business. Addition of value is essential along with resolving the issues rather than criticizing those. Critical thinking skills are important, leadership skills and ability to communicate with each other to promote effective team working abilities should also make the company gain competitive advantage in business[20]. Involvement in networks to enhance professional development By participating in business networks, it would be easy to manage good communications, underpin the skills and even enhance the development of professionalism. Timeframe to achieve new skills, development opportunities The time that will be taken for the achievement of development opportunities are four years, which has allowed the staffs to gather new skills, participate in networks and facilitate the development opportunities and professional outcomes[21]. References Aronoff, J. and Wilson, J.P., 2014.Personality in the social process. Psychology Press. Bititci, U., Garengo, P., Drfler, V. and Nudurupati, S., 2012. Performance measurement: challenges for tomorrow.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(3), pp.305-327. Huhtala, M., Kangas, M., Lms, A.M. and Feldt, T., 2013. Ethical managers in ethical organisations? The leadership-culture connection among Finnish managers.Leadership Organization Development Journal,34(3), pp.250-270. Karaibrahimoglu, Y.Z. and Cangarli, B.G., 2016. Do auditing and reporting standards affect firms ethical behaviours? The moderating role of national culture.Journal of Business Ethics,139(1), pp.55-75. Matzat, U., 2013. Do blended virtual learning communities enhance teachers' professional development more than purely virtual ones? A large scale empirical comparison.Computers Education,60(1), pp.40-51. McGrath, M., 2014. Personal development plan.Leading the Way,11(1), p.21. Megginson, D. and Whitaker, V., 2017.Continuing professional development. Kogan Page Publishers. Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J. and Boydell, T., 2013.A Manager's Guide to Self-development. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Shanafelt, T.D., Hasan, O., Dyrbye, L.N., Sinsky, C., Satele, D., Sloan, J. and West, C.P., 2015, December. Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2014. InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 90, No. 12, pp. 1600-1613). Elsevier. Stahl, G., Bjrkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S.S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., Trevor, J. and Wright, P., 2012. Six principles of effective global talent management.Sloan Management Review,53(2), pp.25-42. Tieger, P.D., Barron, B. and Tieger, K., 2014.Do what you are: Discover the perfect career for you through the secrets of personality type. Little, Brown. Uribe-Tirado, A. and Muoz, W.C., 2012. Information literacy competency standards for higher education and their correlation with the cycle of knowledge generation.