Questions On Personal Development Planning - 1953 Words

Reflective Journal By 1305393 Module code: CPU4000 Course: Scholarship Tutor: Gail Walters Date: November 2014 Summary This report will demonstrate how to plan, manage your time and also how to exercise presentations in writing and verbally. Also show how to prepare for an examination. CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Time Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Note taking report writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Harvard Referencing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Team†¦show more content†¦It has guided me in so many ways in managing my time, to be more confident for example, doing a presentation in front of an audience was something I never saw myself doing and also have gained a few friends in working together in sharing ideas and learning from one another. Especially the first week we had an ice breaker, introducing someone next to you in class whom you never met before that only gave me an insight based on people. Also I have never used library sources before. But have learnt so much how to look for books, how to use Harvard referencing. 1. INTRODUCTION This has been documented on a week by week based on a number of topics learnt from subject CPU4000-Scholarship 2014. It covers from how to manage your time avoiding self-inflicted time wasting, how to write a report for example essay writing. Also in research tips how to DO research back ground information as well as using Harvard referencing including in writing a report and team working in a group what role can a member play in it. 2. Time Management Time management has taught me a tremendous stuff based on managing time not only in studying but also learning to be more effective at home not doing things unnecessarily. Time table is an ideal whether it is for home or for the university. It puts things into perspective and makes life easier. 2.1 Time Table. This has helped me in so many ways especially at home. As a father this has made me to slot times to play the

The Persian Gulf War Operation Desert Storm - 1009 Words

The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm In August 1990 the leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein commanded his military to invade Kuwait. Refugees fled Kuwait, as many citizens were robbed, assaulted, and looted. Kuwait is a small country located at the North-Western end of the Persian Gulf, this gulf separates South Western Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Saddam Hussein was well known to be a ruthless dictator. Leaving this to be the first time a UN member nation had invaded one of its fellow UN member nations. According to legends, that Hussein himself accepted, during the war Iraq- Iran war he had used poison gas against both Iranian troops and Iraqi civilians because they opposed to his regime (Carlisle 3). With this certain example we can furthermore comprehend Hussein’s brutality and desire for power. Iraq and Kuwait are both member nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and by no doubt were rich from the oil revenue. Iraq mainly utilized this wealth into constructing a strong army, whereas Kuwait used the money to provide a better quality of life for its citizens. Hussein had major war-debts that incurred from Iran-Iraq war that he could not pay off. Kuwait seemed to be a good choice for Hussein as the country was a part of Iraq during the Ottoman Empire and only gained sovereignty in 1961. Furthermore a significant amount Iraq’s war debts are from Kuwait. Seizing Kuwait for Hussein proved immunity, as now there would not be much stopping himShow MoreRelatedThe Persian Gulf War : Operation Desert Storm1013 Words   |  5 PagesKeerthana Senthil St. Clair Afri-Asian 9 19 February 2015 The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm In August 1990 the leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein commanded his military to invade Kuwait. Leaving this to be the first time a United Member Nation had attacked just one of its fellow United Member Nation. Kuwait is a small country located at the North-Western end of the Persian Gulf, this gulf separates South Western Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Saddam Hussein was known to be a ruthlessRead MoreInterview With a Veteran of Desert Storm Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesStates has participated in many significant events, such as the infamous Civil War, World War I and II, and the Cold War. In the same manner, the United States has been in many conflicts with the Middle East. For instance, the Gulf War where, we, the United States, liberated the Saudi Arabian country Kuwait from the dictator Saddam Hussein; however, he is in command of one of the most powerful armies in the globe (Operation). Even though this conflict only lasted for months, America had overcome a milestoneRead MoreT he Persian Gulf War And The Arab War1365 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Gulf War A brief history of the middle east and the nation of Iraq prior to the Persian Gulf War will help explain why the Persian Gulf War was viewed as necessary by the allied countries. The formation of a coalition of countries, the use of innovative military equipment, and strategic military operations helped the allied forces secure victory in the Persian Gulf War. The effects of this victory and subsequent conflict have changed our world as we know it. The Persian Gulf is one ofRead MoreEssay about The Success of Operation Desert Storm and Shield825 Words   |  4 Pageson August 2nd 1990, Operation Desert shield was implemented by the United States on August 7th. Trying to deter Iraq from advancing farther into the country the U.S. began staging troops, equipment and other supplies needed to sustain a military in war time. Moving resources by air and sea the American armed forces presence was made known in the region with resources being staged in the allied countries of Saudi Arabia These later we mobilized initiating operation Desert Storm on January 17th 1991Read More Causes and Effects of the Persian Gulf War Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of the Persian Gulf War The Persian Gulf War, often referred to as Operation Desert Storm, was perhaps one of the most successful war campaigns in the history of warfare. Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq, invaded Kuwait in 1990. In 1991, after weeks of air strikes, US ground forces entered Iraq and Kuwait and eliminated Iraqi presence in 60 hours. Why Would Iraq invade Kuwait? Kuwait supplies much of the world’s oil supplies, and when Hussein invaded Kuwait, he controlledRead MoreSadam Huiseins Invasion of Kuwait Led to Operation Desert Storm in the Gulf War791 Words   |  4 PagesOperation Desert Storm The Gulf War, also known as Operation Desert Storm, the Persian Gulf War, The First Gulf War or The Kuwait War. Was a war that started 2 August 1990 when Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. The war lasted to 28. February 1991, when President Bush declared a ceasefire. The war ended unofficially the 26th, when the Iraqi troops started to withdraw from Kuwait, after finishing their mission. The Coalition air forces continued to follow and bomb the Iraqi troops, evenRead MoreA Brief Look at the Persian Gulf War1479 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Gulf War, also called Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region1. The Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein claimed as a reason for the invasion a territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway whichRead MoreThe Persian Gulf War Essay907 Words   |  4 Pages The Persian Gulf War The war in the Persian Gulf was a war of religious favor, cruel leadership, and greed. Desert Storm or more commonly known ass The Golf War was the same type of war that had accrued in this area for many years except for one fact. In Operation Desert Storm, it was a mix of sophisticated technology and the combined leadership and cooperation from the coalition that was used to end the war in a quick and timely manner. Which in the end probably saved thousands of lives. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead MoreSuccessful Military Operations: Operation Desert Storm1234 Words   |  5 PagesDesert Storm, one of the most successful military ops in military history. They went in and went down to business then gone out just like every other mission should be done. Despite its brutality this Op could be decided as a U.S. victory. Desert Storm all started with the Gulf war. The gulf war was started by two Eastern countries who always seem to fight over all of the little things in life that may or may not be true. It all started on the 17th of July in the year of 1990 when Iraqi leaderRead MoreThe Gulf War Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesThe Gulf War The Gulf War was much more than a fight to liberate Kuwait. It was the first non-conventional war; in which new, fairly new, or even experimental weapons were used. The Gulf War displayed much new technology that you will learn lots about in this paper. This paper may sound very technical, but that is what it is about, the new weapon technology vs. the conventional types of weapons used in previous wars. This paper is about the advancement of weapon technology, and how the

Case of Building Industry Free Essays

Countries often have different models of government business relations. The nature of the political system in a country has particular influence over the governments’ relations with the business. Despite the common ground of being advanced liberal democracies, the United States and Spain have markedly different models of government business relations. We will write a custom essay sample on Case of Building Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The aim of the essay is to compare the government business relations in the United States and Spain with special reference to building industry. Different Trajectories The very business culture and the government’s relations with the business in Spain are markedly different from those of United States. For instance, it has been pointed out that â€Å"starting up a business in Spain remains more complicated than elsewhere, procedures more cumbersome, the steps more numerous, the documentation likewise. The twenty-eight weeks required to start a business in Spain contrast with the half-day required in the USA† (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p. 181). It is because of the prevailing nature of corruption that is resulted by the collusion between politicians and bureaucrats such obstruction of free enterprise exist in Spain. In the same way, closing down of a business in Spain too has been noted as extremely difficult. Eastaway and San Martin are of the opinion that â€Å"the housing market in Spain has become highly regulated through public intervention with the objective of satisfying the large and growing housing needs† (1999, p. 699). The Spanish government has pursued a range of policies in order to mitigate the situation ranging from subsidies to market intervention. As a result, the construction industry in Spain is distorted and less competitive. Even the successes of the United States small scale and medium size industries are attributed to government’s desire to support small business owners and entrepreneurship; finance, tax inducements, mentoring, training, and legislation allowing limited liability for failure, all act in the interests of the entrepreneur. The entrepreneurial fabric and the social/cultural/economic framework support and encourage those wishing to embark on or expand an entrepreneurial venture† (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p. 188). The American government has been persistent in providing the necessary infrastructure and business environment over the post second world war period. Through a business friendly approach, the American government ensures that there are more rewards and fewer risks for doing business in the United States. Moreover, the USA has long tradition of free enterprises contrary to the Spanish trajectory of protectionism. Historically speaking, the construction industry in Spain is deepened upon both the supply of domestic demand and the acquisition of foreign earnings. Franco’s dictatorial regime had installed a protective regime of business which perpetuated monopoly and discouraged free-market competition. The oil crisis in the mid 1970s had paralyzed the industry in a grave manner. The recovery came only with the join9ng of the European Community (EC) in 1986. The internal political situation had long been detrimental to the free economic development of Spain. Ahijado et al. have argued that â€Å"the aftermath of the civil war of the 1930s was international isolation and acute economic difficulties resulting from the destruction wrought during the war. Indeed, it took until 1950 for industrial production to return to its 1929 level, and the country remained over-whelmingly dependent on agriculture for employment† (1993, p. 91). Then, onwards, Spanish economy took a radical turn towards accelerated economic development fuelled by tourism and the steady flow of migrant labor. Both the enhanced tourism related development and migrant labor have helped a boom in the construction industry. However, the technological base of Spanish industry still remains low. In the recent period, Spanish construction industry has undergone â€Å"a dramatic decrease in the average size of Spanish construction firms, in particular, and an increase in their use of subcontracting† (Gonzalez, 1998, p. 432). It has caused a structural fragmentation of the construction industry as a whole. The changing nature of emerging construction technologies have primarily contributed to the instabilities in the construction industry all over the world. The fragmentation of the construction industry in Spain is accompanied two different features of increasing number of firms and the decreasing average size of the firms. Gonzalez has forcefully argued that â€Å"the cause of observed fragmentation is changes in institutional restrictions, mainly labor and tax regulation† (1998, 440). The Spanish government has a lopsided and imbalanced policy towards competition in the construction industry as it promotes small business units against big firms. As a result, to be competitive, big firms have compelled to reconstitute themselves as smaller units and thereby prevent them from mobilizing great resources for the benefits of consumers. This tendency in Spain is clearly not in par with the United States government policy of promoting mergers and joint ventures by construction companies. Moreover, in Spain, there is even lost cost for creating new firms which too acts against the size of existing firms. American construction policy is mainly aimed at ensuring the security of buildings. There are large amount of regulations and standards set out by the various regulatory bodies appointed by the state governments and the federal government. It also aims to deal with possible production of low quality building materials. In brief, the building policy in the United States is highly bureaucratic and procedural as it attempts to save the industry from possible political corruption and the consequent violation of rules and regulations. It has been well observed that the politicians-businessmen nexus in Spain has caused unnatural price rises in the housing industry. The effect such a phenomenal corruption cannot be contained within the borders of Spain as it is well integrated with the European Union Economy. In the United States, the use of precast concrete system is not widespread although it has proved to be more beneficial. Because, there is a major shortage of expert personnel that can design and manage building construction that makes use of precast concrete components. The main reason behind this general lack of expertise appears to be the deficient engineering and architecture curricula currently in effect in U. S. universities and colleges† (Polat, 2008). Many researchers have well acknowledged the fact that â€Å"the USA owes much of the success of its entrepreneurial activity to its economic and cultural environment, including affirmative action, employment law, tax incentives, government support, mentoring, and a â€Å"can-do† attitude. Life-style changes in the USA accommodate entrepreneurs† (Rollin and Richardson, 2001, p. 187). Also, Choi and Russel (2004) argued that the construction firms in the United States have focused in enhanced diversification through mergers and acquisitions and thereby strengthens the growth in the industry and the profits and confidence of stake holders. In Spain, the pattern of the developments in the construction industry is highly unbalanced and lopsided. It is well noted that â€Å"growth in the late-1980s was in the relatively more prosperous Madrid and Catalonia regions, as well as in the autonomous region of Valencia, all of which benefited disproportionately from the inward investment boom. In contrast, some of the ‘rustbelt’ areas in the North have been adversely affected by the decline of traditional industries† (Ahijado et al. , 1993, p. 98). In America, ethnic differences are noted on the matters related to construction industry. Doodrum and Dai have found out that â€Å"differences exist among the number and frequency of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities between Hispanic and non-Hispanic construction workers, although the difference did not always disfavour Hispanics† (2005, p. 1027). Whatever reasons may be, the tendency in the USA is for Hispanic workers to be employed in more hazardous areas of construction. For instance, â€Å"Two of the top five Hispanic construction occupations, construction labourer and electrician, are in the top five most hazardous construction occupations† (Doodrum and Dai, 2005, p. 1028). Rollin and Richardson in their empirical research on Spanish business culture have argued that â€Å"[c]urrent Spanish legislation does not favour entrepreneurs or small-business owners. Changes in EU legislation, such as the Parental Leave Directive, requiring changes in national legislation, can hit this group hard† (2001, p. 185). It creates a condition that even businesspersons who otherwise would have been law-abiding step asides the paradigms of law as there are many contradictions within the law. The multiplicity of legal frameworks in Spain by its integration with the European Union too have made a lot of confusion in the construction industry and added to the existing chaos. However, safety issues and environmental priorities that are directly linked to the construction industry have not got sufficient attention not from American or Spanish governments. In both countries, t is necessary for the construction policy to be framed on the â€Å"rationale as to why certain matters are considered to be safety issues has its roots in environmental concern† (Kibert, et al. , 1995, p. 99). It means there needs to be a holistic to environment protection and safety management in the construction industry. The lack of labor flexibility has been â€Å"a major factor in the continuance of the very sizeable black economy (economia sumergida), estimated at representing some 23% of GDP† (Rigby and Lawlor, 2001, p. 169). Curiously, the black economy is the backbone of the building industry and the silent compliance of government policies based on corruption is leading into the deteriorating the healthy environment in the construction industry. Historically, it could be seen that the â€Å"rigidities established in the labour market under Franco were consonant with the broader ethos of the dictatorship which was strongly protectionist, corporatist and characterised by strong state intervention in most areas of activity† (Rigby and Lawlor, 2001, p. 169). The recent Spanish government policy of artificially creating green jobs in construction industry too has failed and only contributed to the ongoing recession. In the United States, although the general rate of occupational accidents and casualties in the construction industry very low, the roadway construction has reported to be more dangerous for workers. Through their research, Kale et al have proved that â€Å"construction companies that outperform their rivals adopt a hybrid mode of competition. In other words, successful construction companies place varying degrees of emphasis on more than one mode of competition (e. g. , cost, quality, innovation, and time) rather than focus on a single mode of competition† (2002, p. 246). It is apparent that Spanish construction companies have not diversified and the government is less encouraging to allow fierce competition in the realms of cost, quality, innovation and time. On the opposite the American government has introduced new schemes and policies for ensuring multiple competitions at the many realms of construction industry. Conclusion To conclude, it is possible to argue that the different traditions of government business relations in the United States and Spain are result of the wider historical processes. The United States as a liberal democracy has encouraged free market and competition in favor of strengthening the construction as whole based on well established norms and procedures. But, Spain, following the trajectory of Franco’s dictatorial regime introduced the policy of protectionism and government interventions in the construction industry and thereby rendering it incompetent and distorted. However, governments in both the United States and the Spain have to redefine their relations to the construction industry in order to properly address the issues of safety and environmental protection in the context of increasing global risks. Being competitive in the varied aspects of industry such as quality, quantity, labor and time with the active encouragement of the government but based on fair rules and its strict implementation by an impartial administration are the strengths of American construction industry. Spain too has all the potentials to diversify its construction industry and thereby strengthen the whole economy itself. Reference Ahijado, M. et al. (1993), The Competitiveness of Spanish Industry. National Institute Economic Review, Vol. 146. pp. 90- 117. Choi, J. and Russell, J. S. (2004) Economic Gains Around Mergers and Acquisitions in the Construction Industry of the United States of America, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 513-525. Eastaway, M. P. and San Martin, I. (1999) General Trends in Financing Social Housing in Spain, Urban Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 699-714. Goodrum, P. M. and Dai, J. (2005) Differences in Occupational Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Construction Workers, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 131, No. 9, pp. 1021-1028. Gonzalez, M. (1998) Regulation as a Cause of Firm Fragmentation: The Case of the Spanish Construction Industry. International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 18, pp. 433–450. Kale, S. et al. (2002) Competitive Positioning in United States Construction Industry, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 128, No. 3, pp. 238-247. Kibert, C. J. et al. , (1995) Integrating Safety and Environmental Regulation of Construction Industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 121, No. 1, pp. 95-99. Polat, G. (2008) Factors Affecting the Use of Precast Concrete Systems in the United States, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 134, No. 3, pp. 238-247. Rigby, M. and Lawlor, T. (2001). The Spanish Labour Market: The Quest for Flexibility. International Journal of Iberian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 pp. 168–178. Rollin, H. and Richardson, R. (2001). The Impact of the Prevailing Business Culture on Entrepreneurial Activity and Small Businesses: A Contrastive Study of Spain and the USA. International Journal of Iberian Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 pp. 179–189 How to cite Case of Building Industry, Essays

Leadership and Ethical Hehaviours Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Ethical Hehaviours. Answer: Ethical behaviours possessed by a leader to act as a positive role model The ethical behaviors that the leader should demonstrate included the fairness and transparency of work for promoting a good working culture and working condition to make the employees perform to their potential. The leader must establish a sense of honesty and focus on the development of teams by taking effective decisions at the right time. The leader must also encourage various initiatives and guide the employees in the right direction by making them understand about the vision and organizational strategies that are needed to be followed for deriving good outcomes in business[1]. The ethical behaviours promoted by the leader must be consistent with the moral standards and he must be able to take responsibility for the actions performed by the employees. It is important for the leader to treat everyone with respect and maintain the organizational values and beliefs to establish a good culture and implement decisions that are fair and are based on facts rather than opinions. The lea der must consider the opinions and responses of the employees prior to taking any decision[2]. Personal development plan and its major elements The personal development plan is the actual process of developing an action plan based on the values, beliefs, awareness, reflection for setting the goals and objectives and improves the career aspects too. The personal development plan also includes improvement of career by enabling self improvement and enhancement of personal skills, knowledge and expertise. The most important elements of a personal development plan or PDP are establishing a clear vision, a clear idea of the standard that is needed to be achieved and identifying the area of priority as well[3]. Examples of own personal goals and ensure progress There are various examples of the personal goals such as improving own personal life and even progressing in own career by improving own skills, knowledge and expertise level. As a health goal, I need to exercise everyday and avoid junk foods to take care of myself and sustain optimum health and wellness. The creative or intellectual goals include fulfilling my hobbies and learn other languages to improve my writing skills and speaking abilities too[4]. Application of technology for managing the work priorities As part of the technological aspects, it is important for me to manage priorities at work by looking at the bigger picture, develop priorities, manage allocation of tasks and plan the list of everyday and weekly activities. The technologies have also helped in enabling proper communication between individuals and interact with each other with the help of emails, chats and video conferencing[5]. Maintenance of work/life balance to manage work priorities Maintaining a good work life balance means enabling prioritization between work including both career and ambition along with lifestyle. It means maintaining a good balance between the daily work activities, taking care of health and leading a good life. By maintaining good health, it would be easy to manage the priorities of tasks and focus on the achievement of goals and objectives with ease and effectiveness[6]. Competency standards and its five examples relevant to the job role The competency standards mean fulfilling the various tasks to achieve the highest level of competency based on the job roles and responsibilities. The competency standards are the combination of various benchmarks that are used to make an assessment of the skills, knowledge and expertise within the workplace and form a level of competency to perform to the potential[7]. Training package is one of the competency standard that helps in improving the skills, knowledge and expertise and make the employees work harder to achieve positive business outcomes properly. Utilisation of competency standards for describing the process and prioritise areas of development The competency standards have helped in prioritizing the areas of development and explore the major roles, responsibilities and objective that are needed to be achieved. The competency standards are also useful for improving the processes and focus on the areas that need developments. The developments in various areas are prioritized and a level of performance is established for that position as well. Three types on-the-job training at the workplace There are three major kinds of on-the-job training such as rotation of jobs, coaching and job related instructions provided. The job rotation helps in moving the trainee from one job to another job and obtain the relevant amount of knowledge, information, skills and expertise from different kinds of assignments. The coaching method helps in training the employees and providing the trainees with feedbacks for gaining enough opportunities to express ideas and opinions. The job related instructions are provided to make them know about the issues and correct the trainees whenever possible. Off-the-job methods could help in developing the training purpose for the employees and make them adopt with the new surroundings to perform with much ease and effectiveness. Competitive edge The competitive edge means enabling a company to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. The business organizations must innovate its products and services consistently for gaining competitive advantage in business. By performing the organizational tasks properly, it would be convenient for the organization to generate more revenue by attracting more customers and gain competitive advantage in business[8]. Various principles and techniques of performance measurement Various principles and procedures are associated with the measurement of performance of the organisation and its employees. The measurement of performance system should be aligned with the organisations vision and ensure that the organisation moves in the right direction to accomplish the strategic objectives in business. Another principle is to make sure that the performance measurement measures are balanced with the management of both financial and non-financial data. The financial measures are identified easily and data is collected for reflecting on the major business aspects[9]. The principle of combining both the processed and outcome data is also useful for contributing the targeted outcomes and predict the results at earlier stages. Another principle showed that the measures should be based on the operational definitions, which could not only help in interpreting the major terms but also might help in measuring the actual performances that could facilitate the process of deci sion making too. Two common personality type testing process for identifying individuals behaviour type and personality traits Two of the most important personality type testing processes are Activity Vendor Analysis or AVA and Myers Briggs Type Indicator, also known as MBTI. The AVA testing process could help in designing the psychometric questionnaire and measure the four personality factors that could develop and improve the behaviours among individuals. The MBTI allows for designing a psychometric questionnaire for measuring the psychological processes by which people perceive the world and make effective decisions. Another effective testing procedure for identifying the personality traits is the Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire. Learning style The different types of learning are visual learning, which has helped me to identify pictures, images and gain a spatial understanding while the aural style of learning has helped me to learn how to use sound and understand music. The verbal or linguistic learning style has made me enhance my skills to improve in the areas of both speaking and writing. The physical or kinesthetic style has allowed me to move my hands, legs and gain sense by touching, smelling or feeling anything nearby[10]. Three principles of time management The three major principles of time management are Maslows hierarchy of needs, having a clear vision, defining the limits and doing one task at a time. The hierarchy of needs would make an individual manage time properly and at the same time, fulfill the needs and requirements at various levels such as psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization needs too. Gaining a clear vision could help in achieving the desired set of objectives that were expected to be achieved. Performing one task at a time would help in finishing the tasks earlier and accomplish the aims one by one[11]. Defining the limits could encourage innovation and creativity, furthermore concentrate on the tasks rather than thinking about the unlimited time provided. Functions of Organizational policies and procedures Every business owners have the rights to implement policies and procedures to create good working conditions and create acceptable workplace activities along with reviewing the employees during orientation. The organizational policies could provide framework and enhance the structure of the organisation and even contribute to the formation of a good culture. The organizational policies and procedures would also develop a sense of integrity, trust and ethical behaviours among the individuals and make them communicate with each other properly. The guidelines present in the policies and the employees must not violate procedures, otherwise it might result in issues and various other complexities[12]. The implementation of good organizational policies could reinforce the practices that could benefit the workplace as well as its customers by promoting freedom of choices and making of decisions in business. Difference between formal and informal self-development opportunities The formal and informal self development opportunities are based on the formal and informal training that are provided to the individuals working within the company. The formal training includes exploring the clear learning objectives and then utilize various methods to reach the goals. Lastly, the evaluation methods were used after the formal training for creating self development opportunities is completed[13]. The informal self-development opportunities are based on the informal training, which is mainly based on the incidents and so there is no need of specific training goals. The most suitable informal training could be the ways of learning by gaining experiences from doing job. Few major examples of informal self development opportunities are employees discussing about certain topic and searching data and information from secondary sources like newspapers, journals, articles and book discussion groups. Three benefits of participating in business networks The outcome of generating the most referrals is the first and foremost advantages of participating n the business networks. There are better scopes and opportunities to expand business and generate more revenue in business, furthermore allow the organisation to gain competitive advantage in business[14]. Getting involved in business networks could also facilitate the process of decision making, create open doors for communication and even obtain the advice and responses of the subordinates before making any effective decisions. Preparing a plan to benefit the employees and organisation As a manager of the administrative team, it is my responsibility to make sure that the employees are skilled, knowledgeable and hold good levels of expertise for performing t their potential. From the case study, it is seen that the employees presently have been unable to meet deadlines, not performing well and even taking more sick leaves than before. They told that they had been feeling stressed with their roles and responsibilities, which further deteriorated their performances. As a manager, I would provide them training and developmental sessions for improving their abilities and knowledge and make them perform to their potential. I would guide them in the right direction by making them understand the vision of the organisation so that they could move in the right direction. Communication should be established and in case they performed well, they should be motivated as well for driving their working behaviours and ensure that they perform efficiently. This would make the compan y gain good levels of profit and competitive advantage in business too[15]. Project on Personal work plan: Personal work plan The personal work plan was created to focus on the short, medium and long term goals by understanding the vision and description of position of himself within the seafood restaurant. The restaurant has innovated the products and services and managed the team properly to serve the customers properly and generate good amounts of revenue in business. Identification of personal goals and career objectives The personal goals can be short, medium and long term. As a manager of the organisation, the short-term goal is to identify the food that will be served while the medium term goal is to enable innovation in the cuisine[16]. The long-term goal is to provide training and development sessions for enhancing the skills and expertise level of the general management of the restaurant. Responsibilities and accountabilities Working as a manager needs proper management plan for ensuring the services delivered to the customers are successful. Training should be provided to the staffs for making them skilled to create innovation and bring out positive business outcomes. Goals and objectives Goals and objectives are to promote innovation in cuisine, arrange training sessions to the employees and understand the needs and preferences of the customers regarding quality. Legislative requirements Health and safety at work Act, Fair Work Act, etc. are implemented to ensure that good culture and working conditions are maintained for employees to perform to their potential. Key performance indicators The major key performance indicators are sales per head, rate of response based on the advertising and promotions, level of customer satisfaction and total cost of labour. Activities to advance goals Effective management of human resources for making the staffs informed and aware of serving the customers properly and this can be done with the help of training and developmental sessions. A proper budget is to be maintained for making an assessment of the costs that will be incurred while making the business function. Involvement of social media can enhance brand awareness among the customers and this is a major aspect of innovation too[17]. Project activity List of qualifications and competency gaps The competency gap is the difference between the level of competency of the workforce and the predicted competency level that is needed to achieve a specific outcome. The competency gap is much more effective than the level of skills that is required for accomplishing a certain task. Qualifications include the educational skills that are possessed by an individual to become successful in career[18]. Master of business administration Human resource management Interpersonal and communication skills Leadership skills Feedbacks from the team members The feedbacks from team members, customers and colleagues are essential for enhancing own skills and ensure professional development. Obtaining the responses and feedbacks from the employees could also help in making improvements in the areas of professional development and furthermore ensure delivery of services effectively. While doing simulated assessment, the students could act as responsible team members and serve the customers properly[19]. Analysis of feedbacks and making adjustments The various opinions and feedbacks are analysed to make necessary adjustments and even make improvements in the list of qualifications and competency gaps for improving the professional development of the employees working within the Australian organisations. Professional development plan Developing opportunities The development opportunities include providing training sessions to the workers for enhancing their skills, knowledge and expertise level. The manager must identify the areas where they lack certain strengths and then provide them training for enhancing their capabilities, competency level and make them perform to the potential. Skills required to gain competitive edge Various skills are required to make the business organizations achieve strengths and capabilities and obtain competitive advantage in business. Addition of value is essential along with resolving the issues rather than criticizing those. Critical thinking skills are important, leadership skills and ability to communicate with each other to promote effective team working abilities should also make the company gain competitive advantage in business[20]. Involvement in networks to enhance professional development By participating in business networks, it would be easy to manage good communications, underpin the skills and even enhance the development of professionalism. Timeframe to achieve new skills, development opportunities The time that will be taken for the achievement of development opportunities are four years, which has allowed the staffs to gather new skills, participate in networks and facilitate the development opportunities and professional outcomes[21]. References Aronoff, J. and Wilson, J.P., 2014.Personality in the social process. Psychology Press. Bititci, U., Garengo, P., Drfler, V. and Nudurupati, S., 2012. Performance measurement: challenges for tomorrow.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(3), pp.305-327. Huhtala, M., Kangas, M., Lms, A.M. and Feldt, T., 2013. Ethical managers in ethical organisations? The leadership-culture connection among Finnish managers.Leadership Organization Development Journal,34(3), pp.250-270. Karaibrahimoglu, Y.Z. and Cangarli, B.G., 2016. Do auditing and reporting standards affect firms ethical behaviours? The moderating role of national culture.Journal of Business Ethics,139(1), pp.55-75. Matzat, U., 2013. Do blended virtual learning communities enhance teachers' professional development more than purely virtual ones? A large scale empirical comparison.Computers Education,60(1), pp.40-51. McGrath, M., 2014. Personal development plan.Leading the Way,11(1), p.21. Megginson, D. and Whitaker, V., 2017.Continuing professional development. Kogan Page Publishers. Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J. and Boydell, T., 2013.A Manager's Guide to Self-development. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Shanafelt, T.D., Hasan, O., Dyrbye, L.N., Sinsky, C., Satele, D., Sloan, J. and West, C.P., 2015, December. Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2014. InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 90, No. 12, pp. 1600-1613). Elsevier. Stahl, G., Bjrkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S.S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., Trevor, J. and Wright, P., 2012. Six principles of effective global talent management.Sloan Management Review,53(2), pp.25-42. Tieger, P.D., Barron, B. and Tieger, K., 2014.Do what you are: Discover the perfect career for you through the secrets of personality type. Little, Brown. Uribe-Tirado, A. and Muoz, W.C., 2012. Information literacy competency standards for higher education and their correlation with the cycle of knowledge generation.

Dream Job Essays - Cooking, Food, Nigella Lawson,

Dream Job A job that I would look into is being a military chef. There is some travel in that job. I get to cook just about any meal I want. I can also please me dad by joining the military. Thats the kind of job I would like. I love traveling, because I can experience new places. Experiences with new places will enhance my cooking ability. If I enhance my cooking ability, the better I can be at cooking. The better I am at cooking, the better the food will taste. The better the food taste, the closer I will get to my dream of becoming a chef. I love to cook lots of food, some Ive never cooked before. Theres a lot of different food that can be cooked. There is Greek, Indian, Texan, Japanese and many more. Different types of food have different menus fore breakfast, lunch, dinner, and desert. There is such a verity of food that can be cooked. My dad wants me to go into the military. The good thing about the military is that it will add structure. If I have structure, my food can look much more appealing. Going into the military will get me into a much better physical state. Having great shape, good structure, more appealing food, equals a happy Nate. Those are the benefits of being a military chef. Traveling to different countries will make be a better chef. Learning to cook new foods for large amounts of people will help out a lot. The military has a great cooking school that I can attend. For all these reasons and many more I am considering becoming a military chef.

The Empirical Project Turkey

The Empirical Project Turkey Introduction The Republic of Turkey is a republican parliamentary democratic country with the population about 68,000,000 people. Possessing a great number of natural resources, manufacturing, agriculture and a range of services, having a good location and opportunities for maritime commerce, the economical potential of the country is successful. The modern borders of the country have been created in 1920, and it is located in the southern-western part of Asia and in the southern Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Empirical Project: Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The country is influenced both by the European and Asian forces in cultural, political, and economical life. The country performs the functions of the balancing act, remaining open to the Middle East, it actively searches for the membership in the European Union. The country is a republic, but the president is elected. The economical situat ion in the country has changed as the crisis of 2008-2010 has not passed behind. Still, good potential and the desire to be a developed country have made it possible to start the economic recovery program (Sheehan 2004, p. 135). Fast industrialization of the country also contributes to the economical and political development of the country and its high value at the international arena. The main purpose of this project is to consider the political and economical situation in the country as the background for more detailed description of the following issues, economy in the business sector and the economic problems the country faces. Moreover, the fiscal and monetary policy stances are going to be discussed within the topic. Many financial factors, both at the national and at the international arena, influence the country development. Economical data in the country’s financial relations provides some impact on the micro and macroeconomics of the country. Executive Summary The paper examines political and economical situation and its influence on the country’s development. To have a full vision of the situation in Turkey, a number of different aspects are to be considered. The general situation in the political and economical life of the country is the best way to see the situation in the country and to analyze the general development and the opportunities the country has. The information devoted to the import and export shows the country’s capacities and the necessities. The general situation at the national and international market may be considered along with the information about the modern state of the industries and agricultural sector. The information about the economy and its place in the business cycle may help understand the level of business development and state the issues which should be addressed. The economic problems in the country may be identified and analyzed on the basis of the specific financial data. Fiscal policy stanc e of the government and monetary policy stance of the central bank along with the discussion of bank’s independence is considered to be the focus of the analysis on the basis of the latest data taken from the up-to-date sources. Some data has been put in the table with the purpose to understand its influence on the micro and macroeconomic situation in of the country.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having been impacted by the international polices and national privatization and democratic facilities, the county has to cope with a number of different problems and at the same time meet the standards of the EU if Turkey wants to be its member. Background To understand the background for the country’s national and international development, it is important to check the political and economical situation in general, without referencing to the specific situ ations and financial activities. One of the main barriers on the way to successful development and functioning on the international arena has been the absence of democratic issues. When the whole world has entered the epoch of democratization and liberalization, Turkey remained under pressure of the Islam and the politics on the basis of this religion. The country had to suffer some hybrid regimes to achieve the democratic position is takes now. Ghanim (2009) is sure that â€Å"considering that legitimacy derives from people rather than from God is a huge step in the direction of political modernization and a serious commitment to democracy† (77). This is exactly what Turkey has made, it began to pay attention to human understanding of rights and now is a democratic country. The EU is considered to be the central force which made Turkey stand on the way of democratization and liberalization as the country development depends on it. The desire to become a member of the EU enco urages Turkey to improve the economic situation and the relation to the human rights (ÇarkoÄŸlu and Rubin 2003, 192). The successful development of political situation and its neo-liberalism became possible only because Turkey has refused from the politics run in the Middle East and has created its own norms and principles. Some people call this politics ‘un-Islamic’ (Ghanim 2009, 76). Still, such politics has made possible for the country to become the candidate of EU which is considered to be the main step on the way to membership (ÇarkoÄŸlu and Rubin 2003, 208). The political changes have been supported with the economical recovery and improvement. The main principle of the economics in the country is competition â€Å"which possesses the institutional and political capacity needed to be able to provide the appropriate regulatory framework for an outward-oriented, market-based development (Onis 2009, 411)†. Having used the Washington Consensus as t he basis for the financial changes and having accepted the idea that political liberalization does not require from the state the change of legal and institutional acts, Turkey have faced the problem of inadequate functioning of the economical processes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Empirical Project: Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The absence of the regulatory framework along with monetary and fiscal discipline resulted in three crises the country suffered from during different years (Onis 2009, 411). The economy of the country is on the way to recovery. Many attempts have been provided to make the economy of Turkey stable and developing. Analyzing the after-crises situation, it may be concluded that GDP is high, inflation is reduced as well as the budget deficit, the banking sector is significantly improved, GNP debt is large, but the tendency to its reduction are seen. The economy still depends on short-term capital, therefore, the risks of a new crisis is reduced due to the regulation of the banking system and better macroeconomic environment. Even though the export has increased, the current account deficit is large. In spite of the time-lag, inflows of foreign investment and privatization have significantly increased. The productivity has strongly improved and may be considered as the source of growth (Onis 2009, 422). So, the conclusion may be drawn that the general situation at the political and economical arena is stable and developing in the direction of the international market and relationships. Imports and Exports Turkey is heavily relied on exports, for which the economy was influenced by the economic crisis in 2008 (Economy Watch 2011). After the economic boom experience4 in the period between 2002 and 2007, Turkey’s trade, exports, and imports â€Å" were hit badly in the year 2008, when the trade deficit stood at 31%† (Economy Watch 2011). The rel ation between the amount of import and export and economic growth is positively correlated, i.e. the expansion of the volume of trade leads to an increase in employment growth and labor productivity. The main exports of the country revolve around clothes, automobiles, agricultural products, and electronics. Additionally, exports include natural resources such as iron and steel, oil, precious stones, and other (Economy Watch 2011). The most apparent impact of the economic downturn of the financial crisis can be seen in 2010, where until 2009, the number of the exports continued to grow, reaching its peak of almost $140 billion. As of 2010, the export number started to recover, but they nevertheless are far behind (Index Mundi 2011). Currently, the total exports stand at $117, 4 billion (Index Mundi 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When it comes to imports, the main imported commodities for Turkey include â€Å"electrical equipment, mechanical appliances, optical instruments, iron and steel, and pharmaceutical products† (Economy Watch 2011). Comparing imports and exports during the whole period between 2003 and 2011, it can be stated that Turkey suffered through a trade deficit, which can be seen through graph 1. In that regard, the decision to explore alternative markets though countries in Africa, Central Asia, and the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) is a wise decision. The results of such expansion can be seen through increasing Foreign Direct Investments and strengthening trade relations with Africa. Currently, Turkey’s imports stand at $166, 3 billion (Index Mundi 2011). Imports, Exports, and Trade Deficit (Index Mundi 2011, 2011) Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages The competitiveness of Turkey can be attributed to several comparative advantages it enjoys, of which several are natural, and others are handmade. In that regard, the country’s geographical location can be seen among the advantages the country enjoys and which contributes to the country’s tourism industry. Turkey’s natural endowment can be seen through the year-round sunshine, extended holiday season, ecological diversity, and others, all of which contribute to Turkey being a popular tourism destination (Europe CEIC Database Team 2011). In general, the assessment of Turkey’s competitiveness internationally was revealed to be limited to labor intensive and easily imitable research-oriented products (Utkulu and Seymen 2004). Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) of Turkey were identified in Utkulu and Seymen (2004) in seven groups of products, which cover seven product groups, including â€Å"clothing and clothing accessories; vegetables and fruit; sugar, sugar preparations, honey; tobacco; oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; rubber manufactures; textile yarn, fabrics and related products† (Utkulu and Seymen 2004, 18). The disadvantages, on the other hand, can be seen in advanced technology products, compared to the EU. It can be stated that the comparative advantages of Turkey in such sectors as textile and apparel industry are related are both natural and handmade, based on geographical location and labor. The disadvantages, in that regard, are based on capital and technology (Ä °NCE and DEMÄ °R 2009). Economy in the business cycle Having considered the economy from the point of view of business, it is possible to state the main strengths of the Turkey’s business are the climate and strong government. The EU has created a customs union which continues functioning. The influence of integration with the global capital market to the Turkish economy has been considered from two different sides. On the one hand, the benefit is seen in the sphere of business investment. On the other hand, the risks and vulnerabilities are too high as t he business sector becomes dependant from the foreign savings (Gonenc, Sahinoz and Tuncel 2010, 6). It is obvious that the changes in the country’s economy have influenced the business sector. Turkey has opened international investment policy that has led to the reduction of the real long-term interest rates. The tendency can be easily followed. Figure 1.1. Real long-term interest rates in selected countries (OECS 2010) Date Turkey 2001 49.86 2002 24.96 2003 20.76 2004 14.04 2005 7.89 2006 8.21 2007 11.71 2008 8.38 2009 6.28 The lowered interest rate for a long term period has become a good stimulus for the business development in the country. The dynamic development of the business sector after the crisis is considered to be the great opportunity for economy development. Turkey should direct business development in two directions, macroeconomic credibility and microeconomic efficiency. The better functioning of the business center may be achieved via the continuing modernization and improvement of fiscal institutions, updating the standing of the international market standing in Turkey, reinforcing the competitiveness of the country products at the national and international arena. The country should pay attention to the following issues while improving the economy in the business sector, maintaining equal price, structure capital inflows, and reduce the energy import dependency. It is important to regulate the legal situation and legalize the necessary acts and policies necessary for the appropriate business functioning (Gonenc 2010). Problems with the Economy One of the problems the impacts the economy of Turkey can be attributed to current account (CA) deficit. Current account deficit can be defined as the case when then spending of a country exceeds its income, i.e. the savings are little, of compared with investments (Sekmen and Calisir 2011, 166). It should be mentioned that it is not necessarily a sign of worry, with a c urrent account deficit. Nevertheless, a sign of worry might emerge when the current account deficit is accompanied by a continuously increasing deficit of the trade (Sekmen and Calisir 2011, 167). It can be stated that such case is applicable to Turkey. The account deficit experienced by Turkey is stated to be harmful to the Turkish economy by many economists and observers. Many of those economists even claimed that the deficit signs a new crisis for Turkey, similar to prior currency crises. The asymmetric increase in imports and exports experienced in September 2010 can be seen as an important factor in that matter contributing to the way current account deficit impacts the Turkish economy. The increase of trade deficit, reaching $6.7 billion, is almost 67% (Sekmen and Calisir 2011). The problem of trade deficit can be seen in relation to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and GDP growth. A study of the relationship between GDP growth and microeconomic variables of FDI, trade, and infla tion, applied to the case of Turkey, revealed a negative relation between the coverage of the import coverage of exports, and GDP growth. That is, the higher the imports cover exports, the lower the growth of GDP (Erà §akar 2011). Another important finding can be seen related to the influence of the FDI supply in the country, and whether it is sufficient to guarantee an economic growth for Turkey. Study of the causal relationship among microeconomic variables such as money supply, real exchange rate, FDI, and trade balance for the period 1989-2009 showed that there is no direct relationship between FDI and output (Sekmen and Inancli 2011, 164). Such finding indicates another important problem impacting the ec0onomy of Turkey, which is an inadequate level of spending (Sekmen and Inancli 2011). Among the most recent events which implications can be seen influencing the economy of Turkey is the cut of the one-week repo rates, which indicates the move of the government to curb the infl ow of FDI into the country. The implications include the short term weakness of the lira (Monetary Policy Shift: Key Implications 2011, 3). Other than that, it can be stated that performance of Turkey is on track for recovery from the financial crises, although any deterioration of the economic environment in the next period will make Turkish economy vulnerable (Monthly review: August 2010 2010, 12-13). Among the positive notes that should be mentioned is also the recovery of confidence indicators, which nevertheless, did not reach the neutral threshold of 100 (Monthly review: August 2010 2010, 15). Fiscal Policy Stance The fiscal policy in Turkey should be viewed in the context of the budget deficit, which is the one of the main themes of the economic policy in Turkey. The stance of the government toward such issue can be seen favorable, according to an analysis of the period between 2001 and 2008. Despite the history of volatile inflation and budget deficits in the history of Turk ish economy, a study of the government expenditures and revenues in Ucal, Meltem, and Asli (2010) showed the fiscal policy in Turkey was sustainable through period from 2001 to 2008, which indicates the government’s adherence to its budget constraints during g the implementation of the programs of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (Ucal and Alici 2010). The most recent demonstration of the government’s stance of the policy is the fiscal rule which oblige the government to move toward a fiscal deficit of 1% of GDP in three years, given that GDP growth of 5% is achieved. Such issue can be seen two-fold on the one hand, the sustainability of the fiscal policy shows the government’s commitment, while the postponement in acceptance of the fiscal law can be seen as an evidence that â€Å"the government is not eager to commit itself to fiscal tightening in 2011† (Monthly review: August 2010 2010, 12). Although the postponement of the accep tance of the rule, might be seen as a political move in general, in the long term it does not change the trend established by fiscal policies adopted by the country during the last decade. An example of the latter can be seen through the fact that the October 2010 deficit being measured 31.4% lower than the deficit recorded during the same period a year earlier (Fiscal Improvement To Continue 2011). Thus, it is forecasted that the deficit will continue narrowing into 2015, and is projected to reach 1.9% (Fiscal Improvement To Continue 2011, 3). Monetary Policy Stance The implementation of monetary policy implies the bank’s use of tools to attain desired level of inflation and GDP growth rates. One tool can be seen through interest rates, which are efficient policy instruments for banks to use in their monetary policy (Khakimov, Erdogan, and Uslu 2010, 319). Other considerations paid by banks when developing monetary policy can be seen through inflation and price stability. Th e use of interest rates as a tool in the monetary policy is supported in Turkey, where a review of 2010 and the most recent shifts indicate that the central bank uses rates, namely, one-week repo rate as the main instrument in the financial system. In 2010, the bank maintained the same rate throughout, which aim can be seen through the decision to maintain the rates as they are, and keep them low. The basis of such strategy can be seen through the way inflation trends remained consistent, and thus, the bank made its forecasts, considering that the rate will not change during 2010 (Monthly review: August 2010 2010). At the end of 2011, the bank made the decision to cut interest rates, from 7% to 6.5%, with the aim of curbing the foreign short-term capital inflow. The expansion of money supply lowers interest rates, and accordingly, lower interest rates do not attract foreign capital looking for higher interest rates. The increase of the money supply depreciates the lira, in the short term, but, at the same time might act through increasing net exports and a decrease in trade deficit (Baumol and Blinder 2006, 386). Such policy can be understandable when combined with fiscal policy, where policy recommendations amount to tightening fiscal policy loosening monetary policy (Baumol and Blinder 2006, 389). Such combination acts so that the decrease in budget deficit does not slow economic growth, and thus, the monetary stimulus, which decreases interest rates, compensates the fiscal policy (Baumol and Blinder 2006, 398). Conclusion The present paper provided an analysis of the economy of Turkey. The paper started with providing an overview and a background of the country’s economic and political environment. An analysis of the countries important and export showed that despite of steady growth, which was only interrupted by the 2008 financial crisis, Turkey maintains a trade deficit, which can be attributed to inadequate spending. Additionally, the paper provi ded an indication of the comparative advantages of the country, which can outline the importance foreign capital and the reliance on exports as a source of money inflow. In that regard, the paper showed that the main problems influencing economy in Turkey are related to trade deficit, current account deficit, and budget deficit. The identified factors were found to be negatively correlated with GDP growth, which cannot be compensated by the flow of FDI into the country, given the current spending. The analysis of the monetary and the fiscal policy in Turkey revealed that the country chosen the right policy to pursue, which a contracting fiscal policy and a loosening monetary policy. Those policies will ensure that decreasing the deficit will not come at the expense of economic growth in the country. Thus, it can be concluded that the economy currently resides at the state of revival after the financial crises, already showing signs of steady growth that should be supported by the ad opted monetary and fiscal policies. The recommendations might include focusing on account deficit, and compensate for the coverage of the imports by importing intermediate goods, that should be used to increase production. Reference List Baumol, William J. and Alan S. Blinder. 2006. Macroeconomics : principles and policy. 10th ed. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South Western. ÇarkoÄŸlu, Ali̇, and Barry M. Rubin. 2003. Turkey and the European Union: domestic politics, economic integration, and international dynamics. New York: Taylor Francis. Economy Watch. 2011. Turkey Trade, Exports and Imports. Stanley St Labs 2011 [cited 12 Apr. 2011]. Available from economywatch.com/world_economy/turkey/export-import.html. Erà §akar, Mehmet Emin. 2011. Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Inflation: An Empirical Application on Turkey. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics (9), eurojournals.com/IRJFE_62_14.pdf. Europe CEIC Database Team. 2011. Could Turkey Become Tourism â€Å"Hot-spotà ¢â‚¬  in 2011? Internet Securities, Inc 2011 [cited 12 Apr. 2011]. Available from http://blog.securities.com/2011/01/turkey-tourism-2011/. Fiscal Improvement To Continue. 2011. Emerging Europe Monitor: South East Europe Monitor 18 (1): 3-3. Ghanim, David. 2009. Turkish Democracy and Political Islam. Middle East Policy 16 (1): 75-84. Gonenc, Rauf, Sahinoz, Saygin and Ozge Tuncel. 2010. Turkey’s improving integration with the global capital market: Impacts on risk premia and capital costs. Economic Department Working Paper 812, [cited 12 Apr. 2011]. Available from oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=eco/wkp(2010)68doclanguage=en. Gonenc, Rauf. 2010. â€Å"Turkey: Exiting the crisis on a stronger path.† OECD, September 21, [cited 12 Apr. 2011]. Available from oecd.org/dataoecd/13/5/46067652.pdf. Ä °NCE, Meltem, and M. Hulusi DEMÄ °R. 2009. Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: Case of Turkey and Germany. Review of Social, Economic Business Studies (6), [cited 12 Apr. 2011]. Available from http://fbe.emu.edu.tr/journal/doc/56/56Article07.pdf. Index Mundi. 2011. Turkey Exports. Index Mundi 2011 [cited 12 Apr. 2011]. Available from indexmundi.com/turkey/exports.html. Index Mundi. 2011. Turkey Imports Index Mundi 2011 [cited 12 Apr. 2011]. Available from indexmundi.com/turkey/imports.html. Khakimov, Obid A., Levent Erdogan, and Nilgun Caglarirmak Uslu. 2010. Assessing Monetary Policy Rule in Turkey. International Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (1): 319-330. Monetary Policy Shift: Key Implications. 2011. Emerging Europe Monitor: South East Europe Monitor 18 (2):3-3. Monthly review: August 2010. 2010. Country Report. Turkey (8): 11-18. OECS. 2010. â€Å"Economic Survey of Turkey 2010.† [cited 12 Apr. 2011]. Available from oecd.org/document/26/0,3746,en_33873108_33873854_45958682_1_1_1_1,00.html. Onis, Ziya. 2009. Beyond the 2001 Financial Crisis: The Political Economy of the New Phase of Neo-liberal Restructuring in Tur key. Review of International Political Economy 16 (3): 409-432. Sekmen, Fuat, and Mustafa Calisir. 2011. Is There a Trade-off between Current-Account Deficits and Economic Growth? The Case of Turkey. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics (62), eurojournals.com/IRJFE_62_14.pdf. Sekmen, Fuat, and Selim Inancli. 2011. Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Balance and Domestic Performance in Turkey: A Causality Analysis. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics (10), eurojournals.com/MEFE_10_13.pdf. Sheehan, Sean. 2004. Turkey. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish. Ucal, Meltem, and Asli Alici. 2010. Is Fiscal Policy Sustainable in Turkey? Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 46:89-93. Utkulu, Utku, and Dilek Seymen. 2004. Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: Evidence for Turkey visvis the EU/15. In European Trade Study Group 6th Annual Conference. Nottingham: ETSG. Title Date Analysis Source Turkeys benchmark rate cutspurs selloff in financial stocks 22.01.2011 The lowering of liras value leads to the increase of the dolar in the country and reduction of the ecnomic activities. At the same time, the central bank has an opportunity to raise reserve requirements with the purpose to slow credic growth. Some call this event a buying opportunity, but it is too early to judge. The trade appears at risk. Turkeys benchmark rate cutspurs selloff in financial stocks. 2011. Gulf News, January 22. Turkey: An Exception In The Middle East 11.02.2011 The information presented in this article helps us understand that the situation in Turkey is rather positive in the comparison with other countries in the Middle East. Turkey way to the internation market has been smooth and progressive, while others countries have to do everything fast and without specific system. Furthermore, the successful geographical position may be really useful for the country development and leadership among the countries in the Middle East Jin, Zhong. 2011. Turkey: An Exception In Th e Middle East. San Francisco Chronicle, February 11. January CAD surges 91.4 pct to reach $5.86 bln 12.03.2011 Turkey has faced the problem that its current account deficit has increased on 91.4% in March. The main outcome this problem may lead to is the reduction of the foreign trade and the trade deficit in general. Tourism business suffers mostly as it is considered to be one of the main international opportunities the country can offer. The increase of the tourism revenue is going to be put on the customers’ shoulders who may refuse to visit Turkey for high prices which are considered to be unfairly increased. January CAD surges 91.4 pct to reach $5.86 bln. 2011. Todays Zaman, March 12. Turkey bonds rally as oil prices slump 17.03.2011 The oil prices slumped 4.5% on March 16 and it led to the unstable situation of Turkey at the international market. The reduction of oil price may lead to the chaos at the global arena that is sire to slower the economic growth in the c ountry. Turkey’s lira is predicted to increase if the change of the prices of il are going to jump for raising to lowering. Turkey bonds rally as oil prices slump. 2011. The Gulf Today, March 17. Turkish exporters to get $300 mln in World Bank loan 19.03.2011 If Turkey manages to get the loan of $300 million, it will be able to complete the Turkeys export program directed at helping the exporters to expand capacity and improve competitiveness at the international market. The capacity of banks is also going to continue developing. The leasing companies will be able to offer loans for the companies which deal with exporting products. The World bank is going to provide loan for a long term period, so the country will have an opportunity to settle business and then pay its debt. Turkish exporters to get $300 mln in World Bank loan. 2011. Todays Zaman, March 19. Turkish CB keeps interest rates steady in Sept 19.01.2011 The article discusses the decision of the central bank in Turkey to keep the interest rates on hold. Considering the date the article was issued, the article shows the commitment of the bank that was established during the 2010 to keep the rates at the same pace, and decrease them in 2011. Eventually, the bank decreased the rates. Hurriet. 2011. Turkish CB keeps interest rates steady in Sept. Hurriet -Daily News.com 2011 [cited 19 Jan. 2011]. Available from hurriyet.com.tr/english/finance/9930048.asp?scr=1. OECD releases glowing figures for Turkeys growth, inflation levels. 30.01.2011 A statement by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in which it predicts continual growth for Turkey, over the next five years. The prediction also covers a higher growth rate than the other European country. Considering the implemented policies, those predictions hold true, while an analysis of the inflation rate for the period between January and April show a downward trend. Hurriet. 2011. OECD releases glowing figures for Turkeys growth, inflation levels. Hurriet -Daily News.com 2011 [cited 30 Jan. 2011]. Available from hurriyet.com.tr/english/5550669.asp?gid=74. Turkeys inflation rate set to rise to double-digit figures 05.02.2011 An article in which the Turkish Statistical Institute argue that the inflation rate in Turkey will as high as 10.4 % in a year, after a 9.7 April. As of March the inflation rate remained at 4%. Hurriet. 2011. Turkeys inflation rate set to rise to double-digit figures. Hurriet -Daily News.com 2011 [cited 7 Feb. 2011]. Available from hurriyet.com.tr/english/turkey/9087247.asp?gid=231sz=5650. Turkey Leaves Rates on Hold 15.02.2011 The article follows with the banks decision to hold the rates on hold, after the predicted cuts that were successful for two months. The nmain aim is discouraging money flow, which appear to be consistent with the lira deppreciation. Oz, Erkan. 2011. Turkey Leaves Rates on Hold. Market Watch 2011 [cited 16 Feb. 2011]. Available from marketwatch.com/sto ry/turkey-leaves-rates-on-hold-2011-02-15. Turkeys foreign direct investments fall 45.5 pct in Jan-Jun term 03.03.2011 A report on a record breaking inflation rate in Turkey, which puts the need for Bank to increase interest rates. Hurriet. 2011. Turkeys foreign direct investments fall 45.5 pct in Jan-Jun term. Hurriet -Daily News.com 2011 [cited 3 Mar. 2011]. Available from hurriyet.com.tr/english/finance/9416031.asp?scr=1. Record low inflation takes heat off Turkeys c.bank 04.04.2011 A report of the fall of the numbers of direct investments, which supports the intention of the bank to cut the inflow of foreign investments through decreasing interest rates. Reuters News. 2011. Record low inflation takes heat off Turkeys c.bank-UPDATE 3. Thomson Reuters 2011 [cited 4 Apr. 2011]. Available from forexyard.com/en/news/Record-low-inflation-takes-heat-off-Turkeys-cbank-2011-04-04T122820Z-UPDATE-3.

Risk management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk management - Assignment Example Therefore, in order to reduce the effects of risks so as to maintain the functioning of the organization in an effective way, risk management practices are extremely essential. It is because; it is the most synonyms term associated with each and every business organizations. What is risk management? Risk management is recognised as the process to identify, assess and control varied types of business risks by implementing various strategies and policies. However, in spite of implementation of varied types of strategies, some of the risks are entirely unpredictable in nature and so it’s beyond one’s control. Therefore, it might be stated that risks management is one of the most essential requirements of any organization, operating successfully or desiring to enter into a new foreign market. This paper is divided into four parts highlighting the significance of risk management processes. Along with this, it also describes about the most essential risk management decisions of an organization entering a foreign market. Side by side, it also describes the importance of direct costs and its benefits for an organization, while entering a new market. ... Side by side, any organization desiring to enter into a foreign market also tries to enhance its brand image and equity in the market among other contenders. However, prior entering any new foreign market, an organization desires to make an evaluation plan to analyse and identify the upcoming risks or challenges. It is done so that the members of the organization might plan for the strategies that might resolve those risks. Therefore, the risks that might be faced by an organization in entering a foreign market are described below- Political risks- this type of risks arises, when the government of a country suddenly changes its policies and strategies. However, such changes in the policies create high level of risks mainly for the new entrants (Khatta, 2008, pp. 457-469). This is because, as the organization newly entering a foreign market is entirely unaware about the policies and regulations so it affects negatively over its operations and functions. As a result, it reduces the tot al sale and profit margin of the organization among other contenders. Therefore, in order to stabilise the operations, management of the organization tried to implement the strategies according to the rules and regulations of that country (Tarantino, 2010, pp. 467-489). Legal risks- this type of risks arises due to changes in laws of the country such as tariffs and quotas etc. Due to which, it affects significantly on the operations and profit margin of a new entrant thereby declining its brand image and reputation in that market among others. Therefore, in order to cope up with such dilemma, the organization desires to enhance its profit margin and product lines to attract more customers. Social risks- the changes in the customer habits and preferences

Conservative Resurgence in the United States in Reagan Era Essay

Conservative Resurgence in the United States in Reagan Era - Essay Example This essay presents one of the best examples of the analysis of the reasons behind the rapid shift in policies of the US government, following the election of the President Reagan. It also aims to critically assess the effectiveness of the new conservative policies, employed by the Reagan administration. Prior to the 1970s, conservatism was not really an issue of much concern and republicans could only ascend to power by choosing a moderate president like Nixon or Eisenhower. However, the rise of conservatism in the 1970s through 1980s was basically a response to many different situations both in this period and in the earlier years of the 1960s. It was generally felt that liberals had exceeded limits and taken things a bit too far. As a consequence there was a general call for a resurgence of conservative policies which subsequently followed. As a result various policies came into play on the social, political and economic fronts. It is certainly imperative to realize the manner in which conservatism resurged in the 1970s and 1980s. Several major events in much of this period actually contributed to the highly conservative climate that was thereby realized. In the United States, the Reagan era was characterized by several cuts in the social programs and major anti-regulation policies that were geared towards most American companies. On the economic front the 1970s had some of the worst recession since the Great Depression and some of these conditions actually recurred in the 1980s . In this regard, there were various calls and campaigns as people sought for the reemergence of the conservative ways of operations in order to address the situations. In the same way, the hard economic times made people to adapt to the more conservative spending habits which subsequently contributed to the conservative resurgence. In a way, the 1970s and 1980s were characterized by several events in the American situation. The rise of conservatism was basically a reaction to the several events of that period which forced the people to turn away from some of the more liberal policies of the time. The economic stagflation that plagued the United States had many effects on the people. The Vietnam War had many political and economic effects on the people as they felt it was basically a loss. In this regard, most people began turning away from the liberal policies of the Democratic Party and turned into republican policies as was realized in the 1981 presidential elections when Reagan w as elected. The Reagan era nevertheless became unpopular on certain grounds due the various policies that put into place address the situation. In foreign policy, the United States sold arms to Iran and used much of the money to support the left wing rebels in Nicaragua. However, this was in violation of the congressional budget authority and the Boland Agreement. This act caused a much drop in the popularity of Reagan despite the many economic reforms the administration had put into place. Earlier on during Carters administration, the Iran hostage crisis was a symbol of the failed presidency of Carter due to the then unpreparedness of the United States in addressing emergency situations. The republican administrations of Nixon and Ford were majorly characterized by conservative policies especially in economic intervention. This was mainly achieved through the use of price and wage controls. However Ford’s decisions of pushing the detente policy with the Soviet Union did not go down well with most conservatives. Following Carter’s election in 1974, different thoughts emerged on the whole subject on conservatism. In a way, the Southern Baptists felt that Carter was too liberal while the mainstream of the Democratic Party felt he was too conservative and was thus incapable of addressing American foreign affairs programs. In any

Peer Victimization in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Peer Victimization in Schools - Essay Example According to a well-researched study done by Professor William Ross for the National Forum of Teacher Education Journal, there are two levels of consequences for the victims. One is the immediate trauma and hurt experienced by the victim. More seriously, victims can experience long-term problems like insecurity and loss of self-confidence. Ross adds that even the perpetrator can be negatively affected. The power and sadistic emotions they feel could result in criminal tendencies and behavior as adults. Victimization can happen through physical abuse and verbal or psychological means. Professor Ross states that boys tend to more physical in their abuse and can include acts like pushing and beating the victim. Girl bullies tend to use more subtle methods and can include acts like spreading rumors and isolating the victim from being a part of peer groups. So both the victims and perpetrators of peer victimization are at risk in different ways. The Bahamas society would eventually experi ence one set of adults who do not have self-confidence and are insecure if the situation gets out of hand. On the other extreme, another set of adults with criminal and anti-social tendencies would be present in the society. Due to the seriousness of the problem, educational institutions, governments, and other organizations have developed many accepted means of preventing or reducing victimization in schools. An article by the National Criminal Reference Service in the United States speaks highly of a program titled ‘Olweus Bullying Prevention Program’ developed in Norway.

Effect of Acculturation on Social and Mental Health Services

Effect of Acculturation on Social and Mental Health Services Dana Adams    The Effect of Acculturation and how it Inhibits the use of Social and Mental Health Services among Mexican-American Elders. As the United States ages over the next several decades, its older population will become more racially and ethnically diverse (Ortman, Velkoff, Hogan, 2014). Between 2012 and 2050, it is stated the United States will experience considerable growth in its older population and by year 2050, the population aged 65 and over is projected to be 83.7 million, almost double its estimated population of 43.1 million in 2012 (Ortman, Velkoff, Hogan, 2014) with the largest source of immigration being from Mexico than any other country in the world at a reported level of 12 million immigrants in the U.S. (Ortman, Velkoff, Hogan, 2014). Per Passel and Cohn, 2011), over half (51%) of Mexican immigrant population are unauthorized, and some 58% of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. are of Mexican decent. This literature review is directed by asking the question What is the effect of acculturation and how it does it inhibit the use of social and mental health services among Mexican-American elder s? As the percentage of the aging Mexican American population increases, concerns for their financial strength does also. When determining the quality of life of older Mexican- Americans, socioeconomic status is a key factor in their success (Furman, Negi, Iwamoto, Rowan, Shukraft, Gragg, 2009). The U.S. Census Bureau reports that nearly 10 percent of the aging population live below official poverty thresholds (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006). Despite lower socioeconomic status, the Mexican American population enjoy a more favorable mortality profile than non-Hispanics, living to 80 years compared to 78 years for non-Hispanic whites and 73 years for blacks (Angel, Prickett Angel, 2014). Within their communities, Elders are considered vital members and are anticipated to actively fulfill essential roles such as those of mentors, cultural transmitters, providers of care for grandchildren, and civic and religious leadership (Ramos Wright, 2010). The Mexican cultural value of collectivism and communal orientation has the ability to serve as a protective factor in alleviating distress (Furman et al., 2009). In many cultures, such as in Mexico, rapport begins through exchange of conversations or chit-chat before beginning the business of medical history-taking and physical examination (Furman et al, 2009; Gallagher-Thompson, Talamantes, Ramirez, Valverde, 1996; Elliott, 1996). The lack of social and emotional support may influence immigrants to rely solely on themselves to manage their stress (Furman et al. 2009). The effects of the stressors associated with constantly having to adapt to unfamiliar environments, work-related stress (Ramos Wright, 2010), and lack of soci al and emotional support may take a psychological and physical toll on many immigrants (Furman et al., 2009). Historically, there has been a lack of mental health services available in many communities where people of color reside (Griner Smith, 2006; Flaskerud Hu, 1994; Marger, 2002; Sue, 1988; Sue Zane, 1987) because services were focused on the needs of the upper and middle-class European Americans (Griner Smith, 2006; Hall, 2001; Richardson Molinaro, 1996; Ponterotto Casas, 1991; Trusty, Davis, Looby, 2002). Clients of color are sometimes mistrustful of mental health services due to historic racial disparities and a shortage of therapists from their own ethnic background who speak the same native language (Flaskerud Hu, 1994, Marger, 2002; Sue, 1988; Sue Zane, 1987). A diverse group of national origins is represented by Latinos living in the United States Ramos Wright, 2010),with most of the group being of Mexican origin (Ramos Wright, 2010; Furman, Negi, Iwamoto, Rowan, Shukraft, Gragg, 2009). Migration from Mexico to the United States has been cited as one of the largest mass movements of people in the world (Furman et al. 2009; Escobar-Latapà ­, 1999). In late old age, about one-half of Hispanics of Mexican ancestry lives with family in the Southwestern United States and twice as likely as those living alone or with spouse to report more financial strain and receive assistance from children (Espinoza, Jung, Hazuda, 2012). The modern Mexican-American family consists of grandparents, parents, children, and extended family members stage in life are appreciated because of their wisdom and cherished life-long experiences (Ramos Wright, 2010). Great value is placed on old age and those who have reached these common characteristics of Mexican-A mericans includes the incorporation of friends and extended family (collectivism) with a high level of obligation and responsibility to the members (familism) while putting emphasis on male leadership roles (machismo) and female subordination (Marianismo) (Pedrotti Edwards, 2014). Mexican Americans are more likely than non-Hispanics to rely on family for their long-term care needs (Angel, Prickett, Angel, 2014; Glick, 1999; Angel et al. 2004).   Immigrants and especially those who migrate to the U.S. later in life are particularly dependent on their families (VanHook Glick,2007; Angel, et al., 1999).   Research suggests Mexican-American want to live closer to kin and place a higher value on the provision of support among family members (Sarkisian, Gerena, Gerstel, 2007; Burr Mutchler, 1999; Keefe Padilla, 1987; Mindel, 1980). Hispanic elders are less likely to live alone and more likely to live with other family members, particularly in a multigenerational family where an adult child is the householder (Talamantes, Lindeman., Mouton, 2005). While a family may want to care for their aging parents, the care that they may need as they age may create a substantial burden on family (Angel, Prickett Angel, 2014). Recent research suggests that intergenerational relations (Umberson, 2002) are becoming increasingly important to Mexican Americans (Swartz, 2009). Mexicans enjoy the intergenerational progress between first-generation immigrants and their second-generation children (Duncan Trejo, 2011). Relative to their parents, the U.S.-born second generation experiences dramatic increases in English proficiency, educational attainment, and earnings and prefer to speak English rather than Spanish, and by the third generation most Mexican Americans no longer speak Spanish at all. (Duncan Trejo, 2011). There are several factors such as social support, fluency in English, and no health insurance, and no translators that can impact the acculturation process in Mexican Americans. Acculturation is viewed as the extent to which a minority group adopts the customs, language, behaviors, and values of the majority population ( Yeo, 2009).   Individuals who have family and peer social supports tend to experience less acculturation stress and those who are experiencing high stress tend to experience fewer symptoms of mental distress (Crockett, Iturbide, Torres Stone, 2007; McGinley, Raffaelli, Carlo, 2007; Hovey, 2000). Many Mexican American elders have experienced life -long struggles to overcome discrimination and segregation including punishment for speaking Spanish, restaurant segregation, and job discrimination (Furman, Negi, Iwamoto, Rowan, Shukraft, Gragg, 2009). Additionally, the Welfare Reform legislation of 1996 brought stressors for many Mexican American elderly who had immigrated to the U.S. at early ages and had never applied for citizenship (Morawetz, 2000). History of this population in the U.S. is characterized by open conflict, social inequality, prejudice, and discrimination and these factors have greatly and dramatically shaped the sociocultural realities of the aging (Ramos Wright, 2010). McInnis-Dittrich (2005) states that understanding an Elders spirituality helps to understand the older adult view of the world, subsequent behavior and maintaining a sense of continuity and cohesion in order to face changes that accompany the aging process ( p, ). Many Mexican American elders who attend church monthly, weekly, and more than weekly tend to exhibit slower rates of cognitive decline than those who do not attend church (Herrera, Lee, Nanyonjo, Laufman, Torres-Vigil, 2009). Social workers and mental health providers have a moral and ethical responsibility to provide effective interventions to all clients by accounting for cultural contexts and cultural values (Trimble Fisher, 2006). Social workers and other professionals are becoming more aware of multicultural issues and the need to improve the accessibility quality of mental health services (Sue, 1998), and method of payment for individuals who have historically been oppressed and provided in the clients favored language (Griner Smith, 2006; Sue, 1998). An assessment should be completed by the social worker and is a great way of identifying strengths and resilience Elders to solve their challenges (McInnis Dittrich, 2005). Treatment plans and interventions are then developed by a multidisciplinary team. Applying a strengths perspective to the assessment and intervention means there is a focus on helping Elders discover and employ their own strengths to help solve problems and achieve their identifi ed goals (McInnis Dittrich, 2005). Limitations this writer identified with this literature review were there was a vast of opinions about what encompasses effective cultural adaptations and some studies varied in the racial/ethnic composition of the intervention groups while other studies had different outcome measures. References: Angel, J. L., Prickett, K. C., Angel, R. J. (2014). Retirement security for black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-origin women: the changing roles of marriage and work. Journal of Women, Politics Policy, 35(3), 222-241. Crockett, L. J., Iturbide, M. I., Torres Stone, R. A., McGinley, M., Raffaelli, M., Carlo, G. (2007). Acculturative stress, social support, and coping: Relations to psychological adjustment among Mexican American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13(4), 347. Duncan, B., Trejo, S. J. (2011). Intermarriage and the intergenerational transmission of ethnic identity and human capital for Mexican Americans. Journal of Labor Economics, 29(2), 195-227. Espinoza, S. E., Jung, I., Hazuda, H. (2012). Frailty transitions in the San Antonio longitudinal study of aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(4), 652-660. Furman, R., Negi, N. J., Iwamoto, D. K., Rowan, D., Shukraft, A., Gragg, J. (2009). Social work practice with Latinos: Key issues for social workers. Social Work, 54(2), 167-174. Herrera, A. P., Lee, J. W., Nanyonjo, R. D., Laufman, L. E., Torres-Vigil, I. (2009). Religious coping and caregiver well-being in Mexican-American families. Aging and Mental Health, 13(1), 84-91. McInnis-Dittrich, K. (2005). Social Work with older adults: A biopsychosocial approach to assessment in intervention. (4th edition). California: Pearson. Ortman, J. M., Velkoff, V. A., Hogan, H. (2014). An aging nation: the older population in the United States. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 25-1140. Passel, J. S., Cohn, D. (2011). New patterns in US immigration, 2011: Uncertainty for reform. University of California, Davis. Pedrotti, J. T., Edwards, L. (2014). Perspectives on the Intersection of Multiculturalism and Positive Psychology. Springer. Ramos, B. M. Wright, G. A. (2010). Social work practice with older Latino adults. In R. Furman N. Negi (Ed.), Social work practice with Latinos: Key issues and emerging themes (233-246). Lyceum: Chicago, Illinois. Swartz, T. T. (2009). Intergenerational family relations in adulthood: Patterns, variations, and implications in the contemporary United States. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 191-212. Talamantes, M., Lindeman, R., Mouton, C. (2005). Health and health care of Hispanic/Latino American elders. Van Hook, J., Glick, J. E. (2007). Immigration and living arrangements: Moving beyond economic need versus acculturation. Demography, 44(2), 225-249. Yeo, G. (2009). How will the US healthcare system meet the challenge of the ethnogeriatric imperative? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(7), 1278-1285.

Overview Of Intellectual Property Essay -- IP Copyright

Intellectual Property Table of Contents Overview of Intellectual Property 3 Types of Intellectual Property Rights 3 Industrial property 4 Copyright 5 Controversy of Intellectual Property 5 Intellectual Property in the Digital Age 7 No Electronic Theft Act 9 Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 9 Case Study Involving Intellectual Property – Domain Names 9 Conclusion 11 Overview of Intellectual Property The term intellectual property refers to the innovations of the human mind. Intellectual property rights protect the interests of these innovators by giving them property rights attached to those ideas. The term "intellectual property rights" stands for these legal rights that authors, inventors, and other creators have. Intellectual property laws relate to a particular way in which ideas or information is expressed or displayed, but not the actual ideas or exact concept itself. The first use of the expression "intellectual property" appears to be October 1845, in Davoll vs. Brown, a patent case in Massachusetts. Justice Charles Woodbury said that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears." Though coined many years prior, the term has only become popular very recently. It was uncommon to hear the expression until the establishment of the World Intellectual Property Organization in 1967, which then actively promoted the term. Types of Intellectual Property Rights There are currently many different ways to protect intellectual property. Intellectual property is divided into two main categories: industrial property, which includes patents, trademarks, industrial desi... ...he domain name to the owner of the mark†. The court can also award statutory damages between $1,000 and $100,000 per domain name. In this case, Gallo would most likely receive the transfer of the domain name to his ownership. He will also probably receive damages, perhaps his court costs and whatever the court deemed fair to compensate him for the damage done by the defendant using the site to negatively impact his name and business. Conclusion Intellectual property can be a confusing term, but it is an important concept. The ramifications of strengthening or relaxing its grip on the way we interact and use information today will affect future generations in ways that may be unclear, but undeniably powerful. It is important to balance the rights of individuals on either side of the law, so information can be applied to what we need it for the most, growth.